Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28335514›Full record

SynthesisNutrients2017

The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Bang-An Luo, Fan Gao, Lu-Lu Qin

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nutrients, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency and VDRFood science & nutrition · 2025
    Article
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  20. Article

14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Bang-An LuoDepartment of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410007, Hunan, China. luo276@126.com.
Fan GaoDepartment of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China. gfydsl@163.com.
Lu-Lu QinDepartment of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China. powerestlulu@163.com.
Central South University · CNHunan Institute of Mental Health · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emerging evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that vitamin D may play an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), but individually published studies showed inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the association between vitamin D and the risk of diabetic retinopathy. We conducted a systematic literature search of Pubmed, Medline, and EMBASE updated in September 2016 with the following keywords: "vitamin D" or "cholecalciferol" or "25-hydroxyvitamin D" or "25(OH)D" in combination with "diabetic retinopathy" or "DR". Fifteen observational studies involving 17,664 subjects were included. In this meta-analysis, type 2 diabetes patients with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL) experienced a significantly increased risk of DR (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.07, 3.86), and an obvious decrease of 1.7 ng/mL (95% CI: -2.72, -0.66) in serum vitamin D was demonstrated in the patients with diabetic retinopathy. Sensitivity analysis showed that exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the overall combined effect. In conclusion, the evidence from this meta-analysis indicates an association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients.

Indexed as

Databases, FactualDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyHumansObservational Studies as TopicRisk FactorsSensitivity and SpecificityVitamin DVitamin D DeficiencyVitamin Ddiabetic retinopathymeta-analysistype 2 diabetesvitamin D

Identifiers

PMID28335514
PMCPMC5372970
OpenAlexW2603365862

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.