ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2017
Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 161 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
161 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 359 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral Rehydration Beverages for Treating Exercise-Associated Dehydration: A Systematic Review, Part I. Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solutions.Journal of athletic training · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Ad Libitum Versus Programmed Drinking on Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Pooled it
- Temporal Stability, Reproducibility and Predictability of Whole-Body Sweat Sodium Concentration During Prolonged Cycling in the Heat withNutrients · 2026Trial
- Cardiopulmonary and Urine Electrolyte Changes in Healthy Males Exposed to Two Distinct Anaerobic Exercises.Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets · 2025Trial
- Sweat lactate sensor for detecting anaerobic threshold in heart failure: a prospective clinical trial (LacS-001).Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Post-Exercise Rehydration in Athletes: Effects of Sodium and Carbohydrate in Commercial Hydration Beverages.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- A randomized, cross-over trial assessing effects of beverage sodium concentration on plasma sodium concentration and plasma volume during prolonged exercise in the heat.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Trial
- A novel device for detecting anaerobic threshold using sweat lactate during exercise.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Impact of 3-day high and low dietary sodium intake on sodium status in response to exertional-heat stress: a double-blind randomized control trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2019Trial
- Fluid type influences acute hydration and muscle performance recovery in human subjects.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2019Trial
- Exercise intensity effects on total sweat electrolyte losses and regional vs. whole-body sweat [NaEuropean journal of applied physiology · 2019Trial
- Towards Addressing the Body Electrolyte Environment via Sweat Analysis:Pilocarpine Iontophoresis Supports Assessment of Plasma Potassium Concentration.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Preserving Sample, Interface, and Signal Fidelity in Wearable Sweat Electrolyte Monitoring During Exercise.Biosensors · 2026Review
- A mechanically robust wearable sweat analysis platform with plug-and-play interconnects for continuous biomarker profiling.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Saliva, Sweat, and Exhaled Breath as Alternative Specimens for Exercise Chemistry: Analytical Advantages, Limitations, and Comparative Progress.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2026Review
- Self-Reported Changes in Exercise-Related Hydration Practices over a 30-Day Period in Physically Active University Students.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Day-to-day variability and method agreement of sweat sodium concentration during pilocarpine iontophoresis and exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Applications of Wearable Sweat Biosensors in Sports Activities with Real-World Cases.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Creatinine Normalization Over-Corrects Urinary Electrolytes but Not Protein: Implications for Hydration Monitoring in Athletes.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Inadequate fluid replacement during prolonged cycling in the heat impairs time trial performance independent of serum sodium concentrations.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
101 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Athletes lose water and electrolytes as a consequence of thermoregulatory sweating during exercise and it is well known that the rate and composition of sweat loss can vary considerably within and among individuals. Many scientists and practitioners conduct sweat tests to determine sweat water and electrolyte losses of athletes during practice and competition. The information gleaned from sweat testing is often used to guide personalized fluid and electrolyte replacement recommendations for athletes; however, unstandardized methodological practices and challenging field conditions can produce inconsistent/inaccurate results. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a review of the literature regarding the effect of laboratory and field sweat-testing methodological variations on sweating rate (SR) and sweat composition (primarily sodium concentration [Na
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.