ArticleThe patient2017
Qualitative Assessment of the Symptoms and Impact of Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency (PEI) to Inform the Development of a Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Instrument.
Article in The patient, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Immobilized Lipase (RELiZORB) During Enteral Nutrition in Patients With Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Secondary to Acute Pancreatitis
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Non-Inferiority Trial Comparing Microbial and Porcine Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Chronic Pancreatitis
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Fecal Elastase-1 Test for Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency-Real-World's Dosing and Effectiveness: A Systematic Review.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Treatments for Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: A Systematic Literature Review.Digestion · 2025Pooled it
- Pancrelipase Improves Symptoms of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Real-World Population of Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Observational
- Study Design Considerations for the Evaluation of Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT) Products in People with Cystic Fibrosis: An Update.Clinical therapeutics · 2026Review
- High Frequency of Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency Among Patients with Abdominal Pain, Bloating, and Malodorous Flatus: Hidden Pancreatic InsufficiencyThe Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Assessment of Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency in Patients with Dyspepsia: Clinical Utility of the PEI-Test in Identifying and Monitoring Response to Enzyme Replacement Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Korean Red ginseng supplements improve quality of life in patients with mild chronic pancreatitis symptoms: A prospective clinical trial.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in China.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Development of Novel Symptom Score to Assist in Screening for Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Diabetes Has Minimal Effect on High Gastrointestinal Symptom Burden in Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Based on EPI/PEI-SS Scores.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- From Inflammation to Dysfunction: The Impact of a First Acute Pancreatitis Episode on Pancreatic Function.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Understanding data visualization techniques in qualitative studies used to develop and validate patient-reported outcome measures: a targeted literature review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Review
- Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: Postoperative Complication Emerging Decades after Surgery?Maedica · 2025Article
- A practical approach for the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cystic lesions-the Hong Kong consensus recommendations.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2025Article
- Screening for undiagnosed pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) in a cohort of diabetic patients using faecal elastase testing and PEI scoring system.Acta diabetologica · 2024Article
- Validity and Diagnostic Ability of Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency Questionnaire in Turkish Patients.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Developing the EPI Symptom Questionnaire (EPI-SQ): a qualitative study to understand the symptom experience of patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI).Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2024Article
- Symptoms, burden, and unmet needs of patients living with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: a narrative review of the patient experience.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) affects patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and cystic fibrosis (CF) who produce insufficient digestive pancreatic enzymes. Common symptoms include steatorrhoea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
objectiveThe objective of the study was to develop and test the content validity of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument assessing PEI symptoms and their impact on health-related quality of life.
methodsInstrument development was supported by a literature review, expert physician interviews (n = 10: Germany 4, UK 3, France 3), and exploratory, qualitative, concept-elicitation interviews with patients with CF and CP with PEI (n = 61: UK 29, Germany 18, France 14) and expert physicians (n = 10). Cognitive debriefing of the draft instrument was then performed with patients with PEI (n = 37: UK 24, Germany 8, France 5), and feasibility was assessed with physicians (n = 3). For all interviews, verbatim transcripts were qualitatively analysed using thematic analysis methods and Atlas.ti computerized qualitative software. All themes were data driven rather than a priori.
resultsPatient interviews elicited symptoms and impacts not reported in the literature. Six symptom concepts emerged: pain, bloating, bowel symptoms, nausea/vomiting, eating problems, and tiredness/fatigue. Six impact domains were also identified. A 45-item instrument was developed in English, French, and German for testing in cognitive debriefing patient interviews. Following cognitive debriefing, 18 items were deleted.
conclusionRigorous qualitative patient research and expert clinical input supported development of a PEI-specific PRO with the potential to aid management and monitoring of unmet needs among patients with PEI. The next step is to perform psychometric evaluation of the resulting instrument.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.