ArticleBasic and clinical andrology2017
Processing and selection of surgically-retrieved sperm for ICSI: a review.
Article in Basic and clinical andrology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Innovative treatment approaches for azoospermia: causes, emerging techniques, and future directions.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Biological and clinical factors predicting sperm retrieval success in men with non-obstructive azoospermia.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Review
- No difference in ICSI outcomes from cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa from patients with azoospermia or cryptozoospermia.Asian journal of andrology · 2026Article
- Restoring fertility with a lipid nanoparticle-mRNA platform: A new era in male germline therapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Human Testicular Tissue Digestion, Testicular Cell Selection, and Downstream Characterization for Reproductive Purposes: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Fresh versus frozen micro-TESE sperm and outcomes.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- Andrology laboratory techniques for micro-TESE/IVF/ICSI: a narrative review.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- Non-Obstructive Azoospermia and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: Unveiling the Chances of Success and Possible Consequences for Offspring.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa among patients with azoospermia.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of, and Satisfaction with, a Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction Knowledge and Skills Masterclass for a World-Wide Audience.The world journal of men's health · 2024Article
- Sperm handling and management in the teleost model fish Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Making immotile sperm motile using high-frequency ultrasound.Science advances · 2024Article
- Enzymatic tissue processing after testicular biopsy in non-obstructive azoospermia enhances sperm retrieval.Human reproduction open · 2023Article
- Development and validation predictive models of sperm retrieval for azoospermic men undergoing testicular sperm aspiration: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Article
- For patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, the outcome of testicular sperm extraction correlates with self-esteem, sexual health and the quality of the couple's relationship.Basic and clinical andrology · 2022Article
- The effect of cult-active medium on pregnancy outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in azoospermic men: A case-control study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2021Article
- Sperm Selection for micro TESE-ICSI in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia, a Case Report.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2021Article
- Letter to Editor: We Need Standardized Guidelines for Laboratory Tissue Processing After Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2021Article
- Sperm Selection Procedures for Optimizing the Outcome of ICSI in Patients with NOA.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the technique of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been a revolution in the alleviation of male infertility, the use of testicular sperm for ICSI was a formerly unseen breakthrough in the treatment of the azoospermic man with primary testicular failure. At the clinical level, different procedures of testicular sperm retrieval (conventional TESE, micro-TESE, FNA/TESA, MESA, PESA) are being performed, the choice is mainly based on the cause of azoospermia (obstructive versus non-obstructive) and the surgeon's skills. At the level of the IVF laboratory, mechanical procedures to harvest the sperm from the tissue may be combined with enzymatic treatment in order to increase the sperm recovery rates. A number of techniques have been developed for viable sperm selection in males with only immotile testicular sperm available. However, large, well-designed studies on the benefit and safety of one over the other technique are lacking. Despite all the available methods and combinations of laboratory procedures which have a common goal to maximize sperm recovery from testicular samples, a large proportion of NOA patients fail to father a genetically own child. Advanced technology application may improve recovery rates by detection of the testicular foci with active spermatogenesis and/or identification of the rare individual sperm in the testicular suspensions. On the other hand, in vitro spermatogenesis or sperm production from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells might be future options. The present review summarizes the available strategies which aim to maximize sperm recovery from surgically retrieved samples.
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