ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2017
Nuclear IRF-1 expression as a mechanism to assess "Capability" to express PD-L1 and response to PD-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phase II Trial of IL-12 Plasmid Transfection and PD-1 Blockade in Immunologically Quiescent Melanoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Trial
- A Multi-Level miRNA Regulatory Network Associated with IRF1 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: In Silico Identification of Candidate Biomarkers for Immunotherapy Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Sustained interferon exposure creates a hyper-metastatic subset of melanoma cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The IFN-γ response cycle: decoupling tumor killing from evolutionary selection in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Quantitatively defined stromal B cell aggregates are associated with response to checkpoint inhibitors in unresectable melanoma.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Dual role of interferon-gamma in the response of melanoma patients to immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Roles of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 in Tumor Progression and Regression: Two Sides of a Coin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Optimization of cancer immunotherapy on the basis of programmed death ligand-1 distribution and function.British journal of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Bifunctional Small Molecules That Induce Nuclear Localization and Targeted Transcriptional Regulation.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2023Article
- Subsets of IFN Signaling Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Melanoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2023Article
- SPOP mutations promote tumor immune escape in endometrial cancer via the IRF1-PD-L1 axis.Cell death and differentiation · 2023Article
- HLA-DR expression in melanoma: from misleading therapeutic target to potential immunotherapy biomarker.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Spatial Landscape of Progression and Immunoediting in Primary Melanoma at Single-Cell Resolution.Cancer discovery · 2022Article
- Liquid Biopsy Assessment of Circulating Tumor Cell PD-L1 and IRF-1 Expression in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor.Targeted oncology · 2022Article
- Regulation of the antigen presentation machinery in cancer and its implication for immune surveillance.Biochemical Society transactions · 2022Review
- Interferon-γ/IRF-1 pathway regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 expression and relevance for immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Oncotarget · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPredictive biomarkers for antibodies against programmed death 1 (PD-1) remain a major unmet need in metastatic melanoma. Specifically, response is seen in tumors that do not express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), highlighting the need for a more sensitive biomarker. We hypothesize that capacity to express PD-L1, as assessed by an assay for a PD-L1 transcription factor, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), may better distinguish patients likely to benefit from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
methodsSamples from 47 melanoma patients that received nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or combination ipilimumab/nivolumab at Yale New Haven Hospital from May 2013 to March 2016 were collected. Expression of IRF-1 and PD-L1 in archival pre-treatment formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were assessed by the AQUA method of quantitative immunofluorescence. Objective radiographic response (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed using modified RECIST v1.1 criteria.
resultsNuclear IRF-1 expression was higher in patients with partial or complete response (PR/CR) than in patients with stable or progressive disease (SD/PD) (
conclusionsAs a measure of PD-L1 expression capability, IRF-1 expression may be a more valuable predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1 therapy than PD-L1 itself.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.