ReviewBreast cancer (Dove Medical Press)2017
Mastectomy skin flap necrosis: challenges and solutions.
Review in Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07340632 (BLOOM43 for Preconditioning), which is not on this map. Cited by 73 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
BLOOM43 for Preconditioning (B4P): A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Use of the Plexaa Preconditioning Device (BLOOM43) for Reconstructive Breast Surgery - A Prospective Cohort Multicentre Study
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction in Patients with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- Complication Differences Between the Tumescent and Non-Tumescent Dissection Techniques for Mastectomy: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- ESMO Management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: Breast Cancer.ESMO open · 2020Guideline
- Indocyanine green angiography for preventing postoperative mastectomy skin flap necrosis in immediate breast reconstruction.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Predictors of complications after direct-to-implant breast reconstruction with an acellular dermal matrix from a multicentre randomized clinical trial.The British journal of surgery · 2018Trial
- Indocyanine Green Angiography Reduces Ischemic Complications in Immediate Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Technique-Driven and Patient-Specific Variations in Complications of Mastectomy with Immediate Breast Reconstruction: An Evidence-Based Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Outcomes and recurrence trends after skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate DIEP flap reconstruction: A single-centre analysis.JPRAS open · 2026Article
- Perioperative diffuse optical imaging of blood flow distributions for porcine skin flap viability assessment.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Complications associated with acellular dermal matrix use in implant-based breast reconstruction.Gland surgery · 2026Review
- The Role of Indocyanine Green Angiography and Axillary Reverse Mapping in Breast Reconstruction Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Perioperative diffuse optical imaging of blood flow distributions for porcine skin flap viability assessment.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Does Breast Implant Size Larger Than Mastectomy Specimen Size Increase the Risk of Flap Necrosis?Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Article
- Are thin flaps still a contraindication? Early outcomes of prepectoral DTI reconstruction in a large single-center cohort.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Complications, patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes, and aesthetic outcomes of nipple-sparingTranslational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2026Article
- Evaluation of aesthetic flat closure: A scoping review.JPRAS open · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Electrocautery vs. Cold Cutting in Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMastectomy skin flap necrosis (MSFN) has a reported incidence of 5%-30% in the literature. It is often a significant and underappreciated problem. The aim of this article was to review the associated challenges and possible solutions.
methodsA MEDLINE search was performed using the search term "mastectomy skin flap necrosis". Titles and abstracts from peer-reviewed publications were screened for relevance.
resultsMSFN is a common complication and may present as partial- or full-thickness necrosis. Predictive patient risk factors include smoking, diabetes, obesity, radiotherapy, previous scars and severe medical comorbidity. MSFN leads to a number of challenges, including wound management problems, delays to adjuvant therapy, esthetic compromise, implant extrusion, patient distress and financial loss. Careful preoperative planning and meticulous surgical technique may reduce the incidence of MSFN. A number of intraoperative techniques are available to try and predict skin flaps at risk of MSFN. MSFN may be managed operatively or nonoperatively. Early intervention may reduce the morbidity of MSFN in selected cases. Topical nitroglycerin ointment may be beneficial in reducing MSFN following immediate reconstruction, but the evidence base is still limited.
conclusionMSFN can result in considerable challenges for the patient and the health care service. This review discusses the management options for this problem.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.