ArticleJournal of virology2017
Heterologous Packaging Signals on Segment 4, but Not Segment 6 or Segment 8, Limit Influenza A Virus Reassortment.
Article in Journal of virology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subtype-specific neutralizing antibodies promote antigenic shift during influenza virus co-infection.Virulence · 2026Article
- Reassortment in infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and related birnaviruses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Construction of a replication-defective recombinant virus and cell-based vaccine for H9N2 avian influenza virus.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Using homologous network to identify reassortment risk in H5Nx avian influenza viruses.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- hnRNPM regulates influenza A virus replication through distinct mechanisms in human and avian cells: implications for cross-species transmission.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Incompatible packaging signals and impaired protein functions hinder reassortment of bat H17N10 or H18N11 segment 7 with human H1N1 influenza A viruses.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Reovirus Efficiently Reassorts Genome Segments during Coinfection and Superinfection.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- G1-like PB2 gene improves virus replication and competitive advantage of H9N2 virus.Virus genes · 2021Article
- Rab11a mediates cell-cell spread and reassortment of influenza A virus genomes via tunneling nanotubes.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Packaging signal of influenza A virus.Virology journal · 2021Review
- The Packaging Regions of G1-Like PB2 Gene Contribute to Improving the Survival Advantage of Genotype S H9N2 Virus in China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Organization of the Influenza A Virus Genomic RNA in the Viral Replication Cycle-Structure, Interactions, and Implications for the Emergence of New Strains.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- A method for the unbiased quantification of reassortment in segmented viruses.Journal of virological methods · 2020Article
- Incomplete influenza A virus genomes occur frequently but are readily complemented during localized viral spread.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Conserved structural RNA domains in regions coding for cleavage site motifs in hemagglutinin genes of influenza viruses.Virus evolution · 2019Article
- Equine Influenza Virus in Asia: Phylogeographic Pattern and Molecular Features Reveal Circulation of an Autochthonous Lineage.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- H5N8 and H7N9 packaging signals constrain HA reassortment with a seasonal H3N2 influenza A virus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- It's in the mix: Reassortment of segmented viral genomes.PLoS pathogens · 2018Review
- Analysis of the Variability in the Non-Coding Regions of Influenza A Viruses.Veterinary sciences · 2018Article
- Influenza A Virus Reassortment Is Limited by Anatomical Compartmentalization following Coinfection via Distinct Routes.Journal of virology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) RNA packaging signals serve to direct the incorporation of IAV gene segments into virus particles, and this process is thought to be mediated by segment-segment interactions. These packaging signals are segment and strain specific, and as such, they have the potential to impact reassortment outcomes between different IAV strains. Our study aimed to quantify the impact of packaging signal mismatch on IAV reassortment using the human seasonal influenza A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) and pandemic influenza A/Netherlands/602/2009 (H1N1) viruses. Focusing on the three most divergent segments, we constructed pairs of viruses that encoded identical proteins but differed in the packaging signal regions on a single segment. We then evaluated the frequency with which segments carrying homologous versus heterologous packaging signals were incorporated into reassortant progeny viruses. We found that, when segment 4 (HA) of coinfecting parental viruses was modified, there was a significant preference for the segment containing matched packaging signals relative to the background of the virus. This preference was apparent even when the homologous HA constituted a minority of the HA segment population available in the cell for packaging. Conversely, when segment 6 (NA) or segment 8 (NS) carried modified packaging signals, there was no significant preference for homologous packaging signals. These data suggest that movement of NA and NS segments between the human H3N2 and H1N1 lineages is unlikely to be restricted by packaging signal mismatch, while movement of the HA segment would be more constrained. Our results indicate that the importance of packaging signals in IAV reassortment is segment dependent.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.