SynthesisBMC family practice2017
A systematic review of primary care models for non-communicable disease interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Synthesis in BMC family practice, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Barriers and facilitators to integrating non-communicable disease care within primary healthcare systems in low-resource countries: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- Models of care for patients with hypertension and diabetes in humanitarian crises: a systematic review.Health policy and planning · 2021Pooled it
- Healthcare professionals' level of medication knowledge in Africa: a systematic review.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- A cluster-randomized trial of labelled cash transfers for uptake of care for chronic conditions among middle-aged and older adults in Burkina Faso.Nature human behaviour · 2026Trial
- Sustainability capacity and health worker normalisation of a successful non-communicable disease (NCD) health systems intervention within primary care settings in Uganda: a quantitative approach to a qualitative question.BMC health services research · 2023Trial
- Process evaluation of a pragmatic implementation trial to support self-management for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes in Uganda, South Africa and Sweden in the SMART2D project.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Trial
- Community-based interventions for non-communicable diseases in Africa: a scoping review of scope, effectiveness, and implementation factors.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Determinants of cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases among people living with HIV in Rwanda: protocol for the NCOHIRWA prospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Implementation strategies for integrating non-communicable disease care into primary healthcare settings in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Models of care for noncommunicable diseases in primary care: key elements and design in low- and middle-income countries - a scoping review.Global health action · 2025Article
- Understanding the role and organization of health workers delivering non-communicable disease management in primary care in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Optimizing people's movement across the health system: a scoping review of referral systems within a primary health care approach.Primary health care research & development · 2025Article
- Decentralising healthcare for diabetes and hypertension from secondary to primary level in a humanitarian setting in Kurdistan, Iraq: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of intervention systematic reviews on chronic non-communicable diseases and lifestyle risk factors in low-middle income countries: meta-research.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Stakeholders' perspectives on the management and prevention of non-communicable diseases in rural Tanzania: SWOC analysis prior to PEN Plus implementation.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Preterm birth, low birth weight, and their co-occurrence among women with preexisting chronic diseases prior to conception: a cross-sectional analysis of postpartum women in a low-resource setting in Ghana.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2024Article
- Undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension in rural African adults: a scoping review protocol of primary health care interventions.BMJ open · 2024Article
- What are the factors affecting primary care choice when the access under health insurance scheme is limited?: a cross-sectional study in Bandung, Indonesia.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Implementation of NCD Care at the Primary Care Level in the Philippines: A Qualitative Inquiry.Acta medica Philippina · 2024Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic diseases, primarily cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, diabetes and cancer, are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where communicable disease prevalence still outweighs that of non-communicable disease (NCDs), rates of NCDs are rapidly rising and evidence for primary healthcare approaches for these emerging NCDs is needed.
methodsA systematic review and evidence synthesis of primary care approaches for chronic disease in SSA. Quantitative and qualitative primary research studies were included that focused on priority NCDs interventions. The method used was best-fit framework synthesis.
resultsThree conceptual models of care for NCDs in low- and middle-income countries were identified and used to develop an a priori framework for the synthesis. The literature search for relevant primary research studies generated 3759 unique citations of which 12 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies were quantitative and one used mixed methods. Three higher-level themes of screening, prevention and management of disease were derived. This synthesis permitted the development of a new evidence-based conceptual model of care for priority NCDs in SSA.
conclusionsFor this review there was a near-consensus that passive rather than active case-finding approaches are suitable in resource-poor settings. Modifying risk factors among existing patients through advice on diet and lifestyle was a common element of healthcare approaches. The priorities for disease management in primary care were identified as: availability of essential diagnostic tools and medications at local primary healthcare clinics and the use of standardized protocols for diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and referral to specialist care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.