ArticlePloS one2017
Long-term efficacy of oral calcium polystyrene sulfonate for hyperkalemia in CKD patients.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- In vivo electrochemical reduction-induced reconfiguration of Prussian blue for metal counterion-free potassium removal in hyperkalemia.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Guideline-Recommended Disease-Modifying Therapies for Patients with Cardiorenal Disease: A Call-to-Action Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Use of Fludrocortisone for Hyperkalemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Not Yet on Dialysis.Electrolyte & blood pressure : E & BP · 2024Article
- Recommendations for the management of hyperkalemia in patients receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Review
- Mortality and hyperkalaemia-associated hospitalisation in patients with chronic kidney disease: comparison of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and sodium/calcium polystyrene sulfonate.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Semaglutide and Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: Case Reports of Unexpected Benefits for Hyperphosphatemia and Hyperkalemia.The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy · 2024Article
- Patient Involvement in the Design of an Innovative Clinical Study to Compare the Palatability of Anti-Hyperkalemia Medications.Patient preference and adherence · 2024Article
- In vitro and in vivo removal efficacy of insoluble Prussian blue in combination with calcium polystyrene sulfonate for thallium.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2023Article
- Hyperkalemia in CKD: an overview of available therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Compared effectiveness of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and calcium polystyrene sulfonate on hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Management of Chronic Hyperkalemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: An Old Problem With News Options.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Voriconazole-induced Severe Hyperkalemia Precipitated by Multiple Drug Interactions.Electrolyte & blood pressure : E & BP · 2020Article
- Comparative Study of Constipation Exacerbation by Potassium Binders Using a Loperamide-Induced Constipation Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Polysulfonate Resins in Hyperkalemia: A Systematic Review.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2020Article
- Acute Management of Hyperkalemia.Current heart failure reports · 2019Review
- Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Hyperkalemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Electrolyte & blood pressure : E & BP · 2019Review
- Chronic hyperkalemia in non-dialysis CKD: controversial issues in nephrology practice.Journal of nephrology · 2018Review
- The role of cation-exchange resins in hyperkalemia management.Medical journal, Armed Forces IndiaReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCalcium polystyrene sulfonate (CPS) has long been used to treat hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its efficacy and safety profile have not been systematically explored. We investigated the long-term efficacy of oral CPS for treating mild hyperkalemia on an outpatient basis.
methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of ambulatory CKD patients who were prescribed CPS for > 1 week because of elevated serum potassium levels > 5.0 mmol/L. Patients were divided into four groups according to the length of time that they took a fixed dosage of CPS (Group 1, < 3 months; Group 2, 3-6 months; Group 3, 6-12 months; and Group 4, > 1 year). Response was defined as a decrease in the serum potassium level (> 0.3 mmol/L) after treatment with CPS.
resultsWe enrolled a total of 247 adult patients with a basal eGFR level of 30 ± 15 mL/min/1.73 m2. All patients took small doses of CPS (8.0 ± 3.6 g/d), and serum potassium decreased in a dose-dependent fashion. Serum potassium of all patients decreased significantly from 5.8 ± 0.3 mmol/L to 4.9 ± 0.7 mmol/L with CPS treatment (P < 0.001). The response rates were 79.9%, 71.4%, 66.7%, and 86.8% in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. No serious adverse effects were reported during CPS administration, though constipation was noted in 19 patients (8%).
conclusionSmall doses of oral CPS are effective and safe for controlling mild hyperkalemia in CKD patients over a long period of time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.