ReviewAmerican journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology2017
When Is an Alveolar Type 2 Cell an Alveolar Type 2 Cell? A Conundrum for Lung Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine.
Review in American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Extracellular matrix stiffness directs region-specific lung epithelial differentiation revealed by hPSC-derived lung organoids.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Leveraging factors that control alveolar epithelial cell fate enables large-scale expansion for lung tissue engineering.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Divergent pathways of surfactant protein C maturation for disease-associated isoforms.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Engraftment of wild-type alveolar type II epithelial cells in surfactant protein C deficient mice.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting the epithelium in pulmonary fibrosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Isogenic induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived airway- and alveolus-on-chip models reveal specific innate immune responses.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Evidence of Mpox clade IIb infection in primary human alveolar epithelium.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Article
- 3D4 cells exhibit transcriptional features inconsistent with alveolar macrophage identity.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Divergent Pathways of Surfactant Protein C Maturation for Disease-Associated Isoforms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Impaired AMPK control of alveolar epithelial cell metabolism promotes pulmonary fibrosis.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Endogenous gene editing of alveolar organoids reveals that expression of pathogenic variant SFTPC-I73T disrupts endosomal function, epithelial polarity and wound healing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- hUC-MSCs Prevent Acute High-Altitude Injury through Apoe/Pdgf-b/p-Erk1/2 Axis in Mice.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Article
- A Novel In Vitro Primary Human Alveolar Model (AlveolAir™) for H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Antiviral Screening.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- Nascent matrix deposition supports alveolar organoid formation from aggregates in synthetic hydrogels.Stem cell reports · 2025Article
- Current Understanding of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches.Canadian respiratory journal · 2025Review
- Understanding the cellular dynamics, engineering perspectives and translation prospects in bioprinting epithelial tissues.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- An injury-induced mesenchymal-epithelial cell niche coordinates regenerative responses in the lung.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Generating mature, differentiated, adult lung cells from pluripotent cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells, offers the hope of both generating disease-specific in vitro models and creating definitive and personalized therapies for a host of debilitating lung parenchymal and airway diseases. With the goal of advancing lung-regenerative medicine, several groups have developed and reported on protocols using defined media, coculture with mesenchymal components, or sequential treatments mimicking lung development, to obtain distal lung epithelial cells from stem cell precursors. However, there remains significant controversy about the degree of differentiation of these cells compared with their primary counterparts, coupled with a lack of consistency or uniformity in assessing the resultant phenotypes. Given the inevitable, exponential expansion of these approaches and the probable, but yet-to-emerge second and higher generation techniques to create such assets, we were prompted to pose the question, what makes a lung epithelial cell a lung epithelial cell? More specifically for this Perspective, we also posed the question, what are the minimum features that constitute an alveolar type (AT) 2 epithelial cell? In addressing this, we summarize a body of work spanning nearly five decades, amassed by a series of "lung epithelial cell biology pioneers," which carefully describes well characterized molecular, functional, and morphological features critical for discriminately assessing an AT2 phenotype. Armed with this, we propose a series of core criteria to assist the field in confirming that cells obtained following a differentiation protocol are indeed mature and functional AT2 epithelial cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.