ArticleFrontiers in psychology2017
Geographical Variations in the Interaction of Relative Age Effects in Youth and Adult Elite Soccer.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of the Relative Age Effect on Competition Performance in Basketball: A Qualitative Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Does the Relative Age Effect Influence Short-Term Performance and Sport Career in Team Sports? A Qualitative Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Pooled it
- Assigned vs. observed relative age: the association of early entry to school on cognitive abilities and its implications for educational practice.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- An investigation on main effects and interactions of relative age effects and playing position in female elite football in Germany.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Leveling the Playing Field: A New Proposed Method to Address Relative Age- and Maturity-Related Bias in UK Male Academy Soccer Players.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
- Variations in the relative age effect with age and sex, and over time-Elite-level data from international soccer world cups.PloS one · 2022Article
- Relative Age Effects in Basketball: Exploring the Selection into and Successful Transition Out of a National Talent Pathway.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Relative Age Effect on Competition Performance of Spanish International Handball Players: A Longitudinal Study.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Leveling the Playing Field: A New Proposed Method to Address Relative Age- and Maturity-Related Bias in Soccer.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Article
- Variations in the constituent year effect in Junior World Championships in alpine skiing: A window into relative development effects?PloS one · 2020Article
- Relative Age Influences Performance of World-Class Track and Field Athletes Even in the Adulthood.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- An Inverse Relative Age Effect in Male Alpine Skiers at the Absolute Top Level.Frontiers in psychology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Selection biases based on the use of cut-off dates and the timing of athletes' birthdates have been termed relative age effects. These effects have been shown to differentially affect individuals involved in sport. For example, young male soccer players born early in their age group are overrepresented in elite teams while studies in adult soccer indicated potential carry-over effects from talent development systems. This two-study approach focuses on the processes within multi-year age groups in youth and adult elite soccer and on the role of players' age position within the age band with regard to players' birth year and birth month. Study 1 tests for an interaction of two different types of relative age effects among data from participants in the last five Under-17 FIFA World Cups (2007-2015). Analyses revealed a significant global within-year effect and varying birthdate distributions were found between confederations. Even stronger effects were found for constituent year effects. For the total sample, a multi-way frequency analysis (MFA) revealed an interaction with a pattern of a stronger within-year effect for the younger year group. This study highlights the need to consider interactions between different types of age effects. The main aim of Study 2 was to test for carry-over effects from previously found constituent year effects among players participating in the 2014 soccer World Cup and, therefore, to test for long-term effects of age grouping structures used during earlier stages of talent development. A secondary purpose of this study was to replicate findings on the existence of within-year effects and to test whether effects vary between continental confederations. No significant interaction between constituent year and within-year effects was shown by the MFA among the World Cup sample and previous findings on varying within-year effects were replicated. Results indicate that long-term effects of age grouping structures in earlier high-level talent development structures exist.
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