ArticlePloS one2017
Lactate dehydrogenase in Toxoplasma gondii controls virulence, bradyzoite differentiation, and chronic infection.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of variation in Toxoplasma gondii cyst burden in the murine model.Experimental parasitology · 2019Pooled it
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- Design and screening of novel molecular compounds targeting lactate dehydrogenase of Babesia microti.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Fatal Toxoplasmosis in Red Kangaroos (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Imiquimod Reverses Chronic Toxoplasmosis-Associated Behavioral and Neurocognitive Anomalies in a Rat Model.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Iron Stress Affects the Growth and Differentiation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Protein Lactylation and Metabolic Regulation of the Zoonotic Parasite Toxoplasma gondii.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Global Proteome-Wide Analysis of Cysteine S-Nitrosylation inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The apicoplast is important for the viability and persistence ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Parasite powerhouse: A review of the Toxoplasma gondii mitochondrion.The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology · 2022Review
- Microglial STAT1-sufficiency is required for resistance to toxoplasmic encephalitis.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Systematic identification of the lysine lactylation in the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Phosphoglucomutase 1 contributes to optimal cyst development in Toxoplasma gondii.BMC research notes · 2022Article
- Toxoplasma gondii excretion of glycolytic products is associated with acidification of the parasitophorous vacuole during parasite egress.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- In vitro maturation of Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites in human myotubes and their metabolomic characterization.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Single Cell Transcriptomes ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- The determinants regulatingFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the asexual stages, Toxoplasma gondii stage converts between acute phase rapidly replicating tachyzoites and chronic phase slowly dividing bradyzoites. Correspondingly, T. gondii differentially expresses two distinct genes and isoforms of the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme, expressing LDH1 exclusively in the tachyzoite stage and LDH2 preferentially in the bradyzoite stage. LDH catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate in anaerobic growth conditions and is utilized for energy supply, however, the precise role of LDH1 and LDH2 in parasite biology in the asexual stages is still unclear. Here, we investigated the biological role of LDH1 and LDH2 in the asexual stages, and the vaccine strain potential of deletion mutants lacking LDH1, LDH2, or both genes (Δldh1, Δldh2 and Δldh1/2). Deletion of LDH1 reduced acute parasite virulence, impaired bradyzoite differentiation in vitro, and markedly reduced chronic stage cyst burdens in vivo. In contrast, deletion of LDH2 impaired chronic stage cyst burdens without affecting virulence or bradyzoite differentiation. Deletion of both LDH1 and LDH2 induced a more severe defect in chronic stage cyst burdens. These LDH mutant phenotypes were not associated with any growth defect. Vaccination of mice with a low dose of mutants deleted for LDH elicited effective protective immunity to lethal challenge infection, demonstrating the vaccine potential of LDH deletion mutants. These results suggest that lactate dehydrogenase in T. gondii controls virulence, bradyzoite differentiation, and chronic infection and reveals the potential of LDH mutants as vaccine strains.
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