ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2017
Discrepancies Between Blood Glucose and Interstitial Glucose-Technological Artifacts or Physiology: Implications for Selection of the Appropriate Therapeutic Target.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Glucose Differences Between the Left Arm and Right Arm in Diabetic Patients Using a Continuous Glucose Monitor
Blood Glucose Differences Between Left Arm and Right Arm in Patients With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Using a Continuous Glucose Monitor
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Comparative effects of continuous glucose monitoring-informed and traditional interval-based carbohydrate refueling protocols on endurance exercise responses: an exploratory study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Within-Person and Between-Sensor Variability in Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics.Clinical chemistry · 2023Trial
- Effects of different temperatures of carbohydrate-protein-containing drinks on gastric emptying rate after exercise in healthy young men: randomized crossover trial.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2022Trial
- The effect of timing of physical exercise on glycemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention studies.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Evaluating the correlation between serum fructosamine concentration and interstitial glucose concentration in cats with diabetes mellitus.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of low and high interstitial glucose concentrations in healthy, nondiabetic dogs using a flash glucose monitoring system.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Optimizing Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption in India: From Current Challenges to Future Solutions.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Continuous insulin monitoring using an antibody-protecting zwitterionic microneedle patch.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Beyond glucose: wearable and implantable biosensors for continuous monitoring of metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory biomarkers in personalized cardiometabolic care.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Design of a Wearable Finger PPG-Based Blood Glucose Monitor.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Development of Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Prediction Models Using Multi-Modal Wearable Sensors in Free-Living Conditions.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring systems in intensive care unit patients: a scoping review.Intensive care medicine · 2024Article
- Glycated Albumin and Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Patients With CKD: A Prospective Cohort Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2024Article
- Recent advances in the precision control strategy of artificial pancreas.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2024Review
- Noninvasive Glucose Measurements Through Transcutaneous Raman Spectroscopy: A Review.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Review
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Endurance Athletes: Interpretation and Relevance of Measurements for Improving Performance and Health.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation (TPIAT) as a Technique to Treat Chronic Idiopathic Pancreatitis: Early Experience Analysis.Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2024Article
- Review
- The Utility and Safety of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) in Asphyxiated Neonates during Therapeutic Hypothermia.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFor decades, the major source of information used to make therapeutic decisions by patients with diabetes has been glucose measurements using capillary blood samples. Knowledge gained from clinical studies, for example, on the impact of metabolic control on diabetes-related complications, is based on such measurements. Different to traditional blood glucose measurement systems, systems for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) measure glucose in interstitial fluid (ISF). The assumption is that glucose levels in blood and ISF are practically the same and that the information provided can be used interchangeably. Thus, therapeutic decisions, that is, the selection of insulin doses, are based on CGM system results interpreted as though they were blood glucose values.
methodsWe performed a more detailed analysis and interpretation of glucose profiles obtained with CGM in situations with high glucose dynamics to evaluate this potentially misleading assumption.
resultsConsidering physical activity, hypoglycemic episodes, and meal-related differences between glucose levels in blood and ISF uncover clinically relevant differences that can make it risky from a therapeutic point of view to use blood glucose for therapeutic decisions.
conclusionsFurther systematic and structured evaluation as to whether the use of ISF glucose is more safe and efficient when it comes to acute therapeutic decisions is necessary. These data might also have a higher prognostic relevance when it comes to long-term metabolic consequences of diabetes. In the long run, it may be reasonable to abandon blood glucose measurements as the basis for diabetes management and switch to using ISF glucose as the appropriate therapeutic target.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.