Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28302156›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2017

Mapping the spatial distribution of the Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae) within areas of Japanese encephalitis risk.

Joshua Longbottom, Annie J Browne, David M Pigott, Marianne E Sinka, Nick Golding, Simon I Hay, Catherine L Moyes, Freya M Shearer

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Parasites & vectors, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. An Updated Review of Potential Drug Targets for Japanese Encephalitis.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Genome and evolution of Tibet orbivirus, TIBOV (genusFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Detection ofViruses · 2023
    Article
  16. Global Distribution ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Emerging Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype V in Republic of Korea.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Joshua LongbottomSpatial Ecology & Epidemiology Group, Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. joshua.longbottom@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4151-9031
Annie J BrowneSpatial Ecology & Epidemiology Group, Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
David M PigottInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Marianne E SinkaOxford Long Term Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nick GoldingQuantitative & Applied Ecology Group, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Simon I HayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Catherine L MoyesSpatial Ecology & Epidemiology Group, Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Freya M ShearerSpatial Ecology & Epidemiology Group, Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
University of Oxford · GBUniversity of Washington · USThe George Institute for Global Health · GBThe University of Melbourne · AU

Funding

Wellcome Trust 095066
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundJapanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most significant aetiological agents of viral encephalitis in Asia. This medically important arbovirus is primarily spread from vertebrate hosts to humans by the mosquito vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Knowledge of the contemporary distribution of this vector species is lacking, and efforts to define areas of disease risk greatly depend on a thorough understanding of the variation in this mosquito's geographical distribution.

resultsWe assembled a contemporary database of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus presence records within Japanese encephalitis risk areas from formal literature and other relevant resources, resulting in 1,045 geo-referenced, spatially and temporally unique presence records spanning from 1928 to 2014 (71.9% of records obtained between 2001 and 2014). These presence data were combined with a background dataset capturing sample bias in our presence dataset, along with environmental and socio-economic covariates, to inform a boosted regression tree model predicting environmental suitability for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus at each 5 × 5 km gridded cell within areas of JE risk. The resulting fine-scale map highlights areas of high environmental suitability for this species across India, Nepal and China that coincide with areas of high JE incidence, emphasising the role of this vector in disease transmission and the utility of the map generated.

conclusionsOur map contributes towards efforts determining the spatial heterogeneity in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus distribution within the limits of JE transmission. Specifically, this map can be used to inform vector control programs and can be used to identify key areas where the prevention of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus establishment should be a priority.

Indexed as

Animal DistributionGeographic MappingAnimalsAsiaCulexEncephalitis, JapaneseEncephalitis Virus, JapaneseInsect VectorsTopography, MedicalCulex tritaeniorhynchusEcological surveillanceInsect vectorsSpecies distribution model

Identifiers

PMID28302156
PMCPMC5356256
OpenAlexW2597134979

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.