ArticlePloS one2017
Autophagy inhibitor chloroquine increases sensitivity to cisplatin in QBC939 cholangiocarcinoma cells by mitochondrial ROS.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overcoming Photodynamic Therapy Resistance: GSH-Responsive AIE Photosensitizer-Hydroxycamptothecin Nanoliposomes for Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Inhibition of Glutamate Dehydrogenase as a Potential Strategy to Modulate Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Metabolism.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Captivating Synergistic, Dose-Dependent Anticancer Effects of Tumor-Regulation Modulators Chloroquine and Ivermectin Completely Abolished by an Opposing Modulator, Deoxycholic Acid, in Hamster Fibrosarcoma: In Vivo, In Vitro, and Literature Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Improving Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatment in High-fat Diet Fed Mice with Fisetin and Hydroxychloroquine: The Cooperative Pathways for Improved Metabolic Health.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- dentification and characterization of novelBMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025Article
- Gene Expression Profiles Modulated by Lipophilic Sea Buckthorn (Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Autophagy in cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive review about roles and regulatory mechanisms.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Metformin and chloroquine enhanced the efficacy of cytarabine in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines: a drug repositioning approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- p62/SQSTM1 in cancer: phenomena, mechanisms, and regulation in DNA damage repair.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- The Pentose Phosphate Pathway: From Mechanisms to Implications for Gastrointestinal Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Hydroxychloroquine enhances efferocytosis and modulates inflammation via MerTK/Gas6 signaling in a pristane-induced lupus mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Does each Component of Reactive Oxygen Species have a Dual Role in the Tumor Microenvironment?Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Chloroquine-induced DNA damage synergizes with DNA repair inhibitors causing cancer cell death.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Review
- Curcumin attenuates hydroxychloroquine-mediated apoptosis and oxidative stress via the inhibition of TRPM2 channel signalling pathways in a retinal pigment epithelium cell line.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor exacerbates asthmatic airway remodeling via dynamin-related protein 1-mediated autophagy activation.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- The role and implication of autophagy in cholangiocarcinoma.Cell death discovery · 2023Review
- Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Interplay of Apoptosis and Autophagy.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Article
- Elucidating the Focal Immunomodulatory Clues Influencing Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Milieu of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Current stem cell research & therapy · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor cells have some metabolic characteristics of the original tissues, and the metabolism of the tumor cells is closely related to autophagy. However, the mechanism of autophagy and metabolism in chemotherapeutic drug resistance is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of autophagy and glucose metabolism in chemotherapeutic drug resistance by using cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells with primary cisplatin resistance and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. We found that QBC939 cells with cisplatin resistance had a higher capacity for glucose uptake, consumption, and lactic acid generation, and higher activity of the pentose phosphate pathway compared with HepG2 cells, and the activity of PPP was further increased after cisplatin treatment in QBC939 cells. It is suggested that there are some differences in the metabolism of glucose in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma cells, and the activation of PPP pathway may be related to the drug resistance. Through the detection of autophagy substrates p62 and LC3, found that QBC939 cells have a higher flow of autophagy, autophagy inhibitor chloroquine can significantly increase the sensitivity of cisplatin in cholangiocarcinoma cells compared with hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of QBC939 cells with higher activity of the PPP, the key enzyme G6PDH, which reduces the antioxidant capacity of cells and increases intracellular ROS, especially mitochondrial ROS. Therefore, we hypothesized that autophagy and the oxidative stress resistance mediated by glucose metabolism may be one of the causes of cisplatin resistance in cholangiocarcinoma cells. It is suggested that according to the metabolism characteristics of tumor cells, inhibition of autophagy lysosome pathway with chloroquine may be a new route for therapeutic agents against cholangiocarcinoma.
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