ArticleReproductive biomedicine & society online2015
The Oldham Notebooks: an analysis of the development of IVF 1969-1978. III. Variations in procedures.
Article in Reproductive biomedicine & society online, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Evolution of In Vitro Fertilization Practices in Saudi Arabia: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions.Cureus · 2025Review
- The influence of the pharmaceutical industry on the development of gonadotrophins and ovarian stimulation protocols in assisted reproductive technologies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Conception by fertility treatment and cardiometabolic risk in middle childhood.Fertility and sterility · 2022Article
- Oxidative Stress and Assisted Reproduction: A Comprehensive Review of Its Pathophysiological Role and Strategies for Optimizing Embryo Culture Environment.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- IVF: The women who helped make it happen.Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2019Article
- Honouring 'Patient 38' - a mother of all IVF mothers?Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2019Article
- The Oldham Notebooks: an analysis of the development of IVF 1969-1978. II. The treatment cycles and their outcomes.Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2015Article
- The Oldham Notebooks: an analysis of the development of IVF 1969-1978. VI. Sources of support and patterns of expenditure.Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2015Article
- The Oldham Notebooks: an analysis of the development of IVF 1969-1978. V. The role of Jean Purdy reassessed.Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2015Article
- The Oldham Notebooks: an analysis of the development of IVF 1969-1978. IV. Ethical aspects.Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2015Article
- The Oldham Notebooks: an analysis of the development of IVF 1969-1978. I. Introduction, materials and methods.Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A survey is presented of the various technical and scientific challenges that had to be met during the 10-year period before the first successful live birth after IVF and embryo transfer was achieved, and the approaches used to meet these challenges is discussed. Records dated from January 1969 to July 1978 indicate that a minimum of 282 women were involved in 495 cycles scheduled for laparoscopic oocyte recovery, of which 457 cycles (92%) proceeded to attempted egg collection. A total of 1361 eggs were recovered over 388 cycles, of which 1237 (91%) are recorded as having been inseminated in 331 (85%) of these cycles. Approximately 221 embryos were described in 165 (43%) of the 388 cycles. A total of 112 embryo transfers were attempted, which resulted in five clinical pregnancies with two live births. This paper discusses the ways in which hormonal stimulation of follicle growth to the pre-ovulatory stage was varied, and the endocrine monitoring of these variations in blood, urine and follicular fluid, as well as their influence on egg recovery and fertilization rates. Variations in media composition and preparation are also described. It is concluded that, whilst driven by scientific reasoning, the approach adopted in trying to achieve successful IVF was empirical rather than evidence-driven.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.