ArticleInternational journal of cancer2017
Design considerations for identifying breast cancer risk factors in a population-based study in Africa.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Novel breast cancer susceptibility loci under linkage peaks identified in African ancestry consortia.Human molecular genetics · 2024Pooled it
- Cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identifies six breast cancer loci in African and European ancestry women.Nature communications · 2021Pooled it
- Estimating the incidence of breast cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2018Pooled it
- Recruiting population controls for case-control studies in sub-Saharan Africa: The Ghana Breast Health Study.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Immunohistochemistry vs Molecular Breast Cancer Subtyping Among African Populations.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Etiology of gene expression-based subtypes of breast cancer in the Ghana Breast Health Study.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Breast Cancer Incidence Rates in Ghanaian and US Black Women From 2013 Through 2015.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Unraveling the role of stromal disruption in aggressive breast cancer etiology and outcomes.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Contribution of Prediagnostic Host Factors to Shaping the Stromal Microenvironment of Breast Cancer among Sub-Saharan African Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Figure rating scales used in sub-Saharan africa for body image assessment: a scoping review.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Clinical validation of an integrated risk assessment test incorporating genomic and non-genomic data for sporadic breast cancer in Colombia.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Mosquito control exposures and breast cancer risk: analysis of 1071 cases and 2096 controls from the Ghana Breast Health Study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Associations of Circulating Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites with Fecal and Oral Microbiome in Postmenopausal Women in the Ghana Breast Health Study.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Relation of circulating estrogens with hair relaxer and skin lightener use among postmenopausal women in Ghana.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Article
- Reproductive factors and the risk of breast cancer among Nigerian women by age and oestrogen receptor status.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- The oral microbiome and breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease, and its relationship with the fecal microbiome in the Ghana Breast Health Study.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Polygenic risk scores for prediction of breast cancer risk in women of African ancestry: a cross-ancestry approach.Human molecular genetics · 2022Article
- Breast Cancer Risk in Women from Ghana Carrying Rare Germline Pathogenic Mutations.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Measured body size and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Ghana Breast Health Study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2022Article
- Socio-economic status and the risk of breast cancer among Nigerian women: a case control study.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although breast cancer is becoming more prevalent in Africa, few epidemiologic studies have been undertaken and appropriate methodologic approaches remain uncertain. We therefore conducted a population-based case-control study in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana, enrolling 2,202 women with lesions suspicious for breast cancer and 2,161 population controls. Biopsy tissue for cases prior to neoadjuvant therapy (if given), blood, saliva and fecal samples were sought for study subjects. Response rates, risk factor prevalences and odds ratios for established breast cancer risk factors were calculated. A total of 54.5% of the recruited cases were diagnosed with malignancies, 36.0% with benign conditions and 9.5% with indeterminate diagnoses. Response rates to interviews were 99.2% in cases and 91.9% in controls, with the vast majority of interviewed subjects providing saliva (97.9% in cases vs. 98.8% in controls) and blood (91.8% vs. 82.5%) samples; lower proportions (58.1% vs. 46.1%) provided fecal samples. While risk factor prevalences were unique as compared to women in other countries (e.g., less education, higher parity), cancer risk factors resembled patterns identified elsewhere (elevated risks associated with higher levels of education, familial histories of breast cancer, low parity and larger body sizes). Subjects with benign conditions were younger and exhibited higher socioeconomic profiles (e.g., higher education and lower parity) than those with malignancies, suggesting selective referral influences. While further defining breast cancer risk factors in Africa, this study showed that successful population-based interdisciplinary studies of cancer in Africa are possible but require close attention to diagnostic referral biases and standardized and documented approaches for high-quality data collection, including biospecimens.
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