ArticleMolecular and cellular biochemistry2017
Carnosine modulates nitric oxide in stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Article in Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carnosine/histidine-containing dipeptide supplementation improves depression and quality of life: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Neuroprotective Effects of Carnosine Against Corticosterone-Induced Depression and Memory Impairment.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- The Bright and Dark Sides of Nitric Oxide in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Comparative urinary metabolomics reveals unique and shared pathways in COVID-19 and liver diseases.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Carnosine protects human microglia against Aβ oligomers through a multimodal mechanism of action: inhibition of oxidative stress, rescue of cellular energy status, and enhancement of phagocytosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- ZLN005 Alleviates the Dopaminergic Degeneration via PGC-1α-Mediated Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Novel progress in the application of the small molecule drug carnosine for the treatment of several diseases (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Histidine-Containing Dipeptides in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Scoping Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Article
- Characterizing oxidative stress induced by Aβ oligomers and the protective role of carnosine in primary mixed glia cultures.Free radical biology & medicine · 2025Article
- Differentiation of Isomeric TAT1-CARNOSINE Peptides by Energy-Resolved Mass Spectrometry and Principal Component Analysis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A comprehensive review on physiological and biological activities of carnosine: turning from preclinical facts to potential clinical applications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Preclinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives on carnosine for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.AIMS neuroscience · 2025Review
- Rauvolfia vomitoria phenol extract relieves pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in Swiss mice and protects some temporal lobe structures.Acta epileptologica · 2024Article
- Interference in Macrophage Balance (M1/M2): The Mechanism of Action Responsible for the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Fluorophenyl-Substituted Imidazole.Mediators of inflammation · 2024Article
- The Anti-Cancer Activity of the Naturally Occurring Dipeptide Carnosine: Potential for Breast Cancer.Cells · 2023Review
- Effect of long-term carnosine/anserine supplementation on iron regulation after a prolonged running session.Physical activity and nutrition · 2023Article
- The Therapeutic Potential of Novel Carnosine Formulations: Perspectives for Drug Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Trehalose-Carnosine Prevents the Effects of Spinal Cord Injury Through Regulating Acute Inflammation and Zinc(II) Ion Homeostasis.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Carnosine Counteracts the Molecular Alterations Aβ Oligomers-Induced in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Excess nitric oxide (NO) production occurs in several pathological states, including neurodegeneration, ischemia, and inflammation, and is generally accompanied by increased oxidative/nitrosative stress. Carnosine [β-alanine-histidine (β-Ala-His)] has been reported to decrease oxidative/nitrosative stress-associated cell damage by reducing the amount of NO produced. In this study, we evaluated the effect of carnosine on NO production by murine RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharides + interferon-γ. Intracellular NO and intracellular and extracellular nitrite were measured by microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence and by the Griess assay, respectively. Results showed that carnosine causes an apparent suppression of total NO production by stimulated macrophages accompanied by an unexpected simultaneous drastic increase in its intracellular low toxicity endproduct, nitrite, with no inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy in a cell-free system showed the formation of multiple adducts (at different ratios) of carnosine-NO and carnosine-nitrite, involving both constituent amino acids (β-Ala and His) of carnosine, thus providing a possible mechanism for the changes in free NO and nitrite in the presence of carnosine. In stimulated macrophages, the addition of carnosine was also characterized by changes in the expression of macrophage activation markers and a decrease in the release of IL-6, suggesting that carnosine might alter M1/M2 macrophage ratio. These results provide evidence for previously unknown properties of carnosine that modulate the NO/nitrite ratio of stimulated macrophages. This modulation is also accompanied by changes in the release of pro-inflammatory molecules, and does not involve the inhibition of iNOS activity.
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Registered trials
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