ArticleDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2017
Indian Injection Technique Study: Population Characteristics and Injection Practices.
Article in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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27 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pen Needle Reuse in People with Diabetes Who Inject Insulin: A Narrative Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Assessment of Knowledge on Insulin Administration Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Kathmandu Valley.Public health challenges · 2025Article
- Predictors of limited knowledge in insulin injection techniques among non-specialty nurses in Japan.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Knowledge and Practices of Insulin Injection and Medical Waste Disposal Among Patients with Diabetes in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice of insulin among diabetic patients and pharmacists in Egypt: "cross-sectional observational study".BMC medical education · 2024Observational
- Optimising Insulin Injection Techniques to Improve Diabetes Outcomes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Review
- Comparison of simplicity, convenience, safety, and cost-effectiveness between use of insulin pen devices and disposable plastic syringes by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study from Bangladesh.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Article
- Article
- Investigation of Association Between Insulin Injection Technique and Blood Glucose Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- At-home disposal practices of used insulin needles among patients with diabetes in China: A single-center, cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Clinical Considerations for Insulin Therapy in Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.Drugs & aging · 2022Review
- Article
- A Coloured Pen Needle Education System Improves Insulin Site Rotation Habits: Results of a Randomized Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2020Article
- Evaluations of knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection handling techniques of diabetic patients in Ethiopian primary hospitals.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Assessment of Insulin Injection Technique Among Diabetic Patients in Makkah Region in Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2020Article
- Insulin Injection Practice and Injection Complications - Results from the Bangladesh Insulin Injection Technique Survey.European endocrinology · 2020Article
- Insulin injection technique in the western region of Algeria, Tlemcen.The Pan African medical journal · 2020Article
- Insulin Injection Technique in China Compared with the Rest of the World.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2018Article
- Pediatric Insulin Injection Technique: A Multi-Country Survey and Clinical Practice Implications.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2018Article
- Turkish Insulin Injection Technique Study: Population Characteristics of Turkish Patients with Diabetes Who Inject Insulin and Details of Their Injection Practices as Assessed by Survey Questionnaire.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIt was estimated that 3.2 million Indians with diabetes injected insulin in 2010, but little is known about the techniques used.
methodsIn 2015 we conducted an injection technique questionnaire (ITQ) survey throughout India involving 1011 patients. Indian values were compared with those from 41 other countries participating in the ITQ, known here as rest of world (ROW).
resultsMean HbA1c was 8.6. BMI values in India were 1.5-3 units lower than in ROW depending on patient group, meaning the risk of intramuscular (IM) injections is high in India. The mean total daily dose (TDD) of insulin was lower in every category of Indian patient than in ROW, perhaps reflecting the lower BMI. Needle reuse, whether with pens or syringes, is much higher in India than ROW and so is the number of times the needle is used. The majority (56.8%) of Indian insulin users performed only 2 injections/day as opposed to ROW where 45% of patients performed at least 4 injections/day. Indian patients inject insulin in the thighs more often than patients in ROW, a site where IM injections are more risky. Many patients do not have proper access to sharps containers or have other risk factors that could lead to blood-borne pathogen spread. More than 60% of used sharps in India go into the rubbish, with nearly 12% not even having the minimum protection of a cap. DISCUSSION: The shortest needles are very common in India; however, the level of needle reuse is high. Multiple daily injections therapy is not as common in India as ROW. More focus needs to be given to dwell times under the skin, reconstitution of cloudy insulins, skinfolds, and safe sharps disposal.
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