Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28289013›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2017

Prescription rates of adrenaline auto-injectors for children in UK general practice: a retrospective cohort study.

Lavanya Diwakar, Carole Cummins, Ronan Ryan, Tom Marshall, Tracy Roberts

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Health inequities in pediatric anaphylaxis: A policy framework and call to action for equitable care from SIAIP allergy prevention commission.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Adrenaline Auto-Injector Prescribing in Primary Care in England: An Analysis of Non-Standard Dosing.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026
    Article
  4. Adrenaline Auto-Injectors for Preventing Fatal Anaphylaxis.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Adrenaline auto-injector prescribing may be putting patients at risk.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017
    Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lavanya DiwakarQueen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, and research fellow in health economics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham.
Carole CumminsInstitute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham.
Ronan RyanInstitute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham; and research fellow in research & development, Medical Innovation Research and Development Unit, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham.
Tom MarshallInstitute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham.
Tracy RobertsInstitute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham.
University of Birmingham · GB

Funding

Department of Health WMCLAHRC-2014-1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAdrenaline auto-injectors (AAI) should be provided to individuals considered to be at high risk of anaphylaxis. There is some evidence that the rate of AAI prescription is increasing, but the true extent has not been previously quantified.

aimTo estimate the trends in annual GP-issued prescriptions for AAI among UK children between 2000 and 2012. DESIGN AND

settingRetrospective cohort study using data from primary care practices that contributed to The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database.

methodChildren and young people aged between 0-17 years of age with a prescription for AAIs were identified, and annual AAI device prescription rates were estimated using Stata (version 12).

resultsA total of 1.06 million UK children were identified, providing 5.1 million person years of follow-up data. Overall, 23 837 children were deemed high risk by their GPs, and were prescribed 98 737 AAI devices. This equates to 4.67 children (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.66 to 4.69), and 19.4 (95% CI = 19.2 to 19.5) devices per 1000 person years. Between 2000 and 2012, there has been a 355% increase in the number of children prescribed devices, and a 506% increase in the total number of AAI devices prescribed per 1000 person years in the UK. The number of devices issued per high-risk child during this period has also increased by 33%.

conclusionThe number of children being prescribed AAI devices and the number of devices being prescribed in UK primary care between 2000 and 2012 has significantly increased. A discussion to promote rational prescribing of AAIs in the NHS is needed.

Indexed as

General PracticeAdrenergic AgonistsAnaphylaxisChildEpinephrineHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansInjections, IntramuscularPractice Patterns, Physicians'PrescriptionsRetrospective StudiesSelf AdministrationAdrenergic AgonistsEpinephrineadrenalineallergyanaphylaxisdatabasegeneral practiceprescriptionsprimary health care

Identifiers

PMID28289013
PMCPMC5565824
OpenAlexW2595583286

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.