ArticleBMC microbiology2017
Determining Clostridium difficile intra-taxa diversity by mining multilocus sequence typing databases.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- New gene markers for classification and quantification of Faecalibacterium spp. in the human gut.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2023Article
- Novel ribotype/sequence type associations and diverse CRISPR-Cas systems in environmental Clostridioides difficile strains from northern Iraq.FEMS microbiology letters · 2023Article
- Characterization of community-acquiredFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Clostridioides difficile toxins: mechanisms of action and antitoxin therapeutics.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Genomic characterization of nine Clostridioides difficile strains isolated from Korean patients with Clostridioides difficile infection.Gut pathogens · 2021Article
- Characterization ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Whole genome analysis reveals new insights into the molecular characteristics ofInfection and drug resistance · 2019Article
- Dissecting the Heterogeneous Population Genetic Structure ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Unveiling the Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) Schemes and Core Genome Phylogenies for GenotypingFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- New Insights intoFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Community-acquired infection with hypervirulentGut pathogens · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMultilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a highly discriminatory typing strategy; it is reproducible and scalable. There is a MLST scheme for Clostridium difficile (CD), a gram positive bacillus causing different pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. This work was aimed at describing the frequency of sequence types (STs) and Clades (C) reported and evalute the intra-taxa diversity in the CD MLST database (CD-MLST-db) using an MLSA approach.
resultsAnalysis of 1778 available isolates showed that clade 1 (C1) was the most frequent worldwide (57.7%), followed by C2 (29.1%). Regarding sequence types (STs), it was found that ST-1, belonging to C2, was the most frequent. The isolates analysed came from 17 countries, mostly from the United Kingdom (UK) (1541 STs, 87.0%). The diversity of the seven housekeeping genes in the MLST scheme was evaluated, and alleles from the profiles (STs), for identifying CD population structure. It was found that adk and atpA are conserved genes allowing a limited amount of clusters to be discriminated; however, different genes such as drx, glyA and particularly sodA showed high diversity indexes and grouped CD populations in many clusters, suggesting that these genes' contribution to CD typing should be revised. It was identified that CD STs reported to date have a mostly clonal population structure with foreseen events of recombination; however, one group of STs was not assigned to a clade being highly different containing at least nine well-supported clusters, suggesting a greater amount of clades for CD.
conclusionsThis study shows the usefulness of CD-MLST-db as a tool for studying CD distribution and population structure, identifying the need for reviewing the usefulness of sodA as housekeeping gene within the MLST scheme and suggesting the existence of a greater amount of CD clades. The study also shows the plausible exchange of genetic material between STs, contributing towards intra-taxa genetic diversity.
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