Trial reportPediatric research2017
Caffeine to improve breathing effort of preterm infants at birth: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Pediatric research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04209946 (A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Preterm Infants Receiving Caffeine and Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Compared to Caffeine and Early Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Preterm Infants Receiving Caffeine and Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Compared to Caffeine and Early Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CaLI Trial)
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indications and timings for caffeine initiation in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Administration time of caffeine in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Pooled it
- Methylxanthine for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome: 2022 Update.Neonatology · 2023Guideline
- Two-Year Outcomes of Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Among Preterm Neonates: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Enteral and Parenteral Treatment with Caffeine for Preterm Infants in the Delivery Room: A Randomised Trial.Paediatric drugs · 2023Trial
- Association Between Caffeine Citrate Initiation Within the First 2 h of Life and Respiratory Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants: A Single-Center Observational Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Parent views on a two-step consent process used in emergency neonatal research in the delivery room in Eastern Uganda.BMC medical ethics · 2026Article
- Caffeine and preterm infants: multiorgan effects and therapeutic creep: scope to optimise dose and timing.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Hypoxia inhibits breathing and causes the glottis to close in preterm rabbit kittens at birth.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Methylxanthines: The Major Impact of Caffeine in Clinical Practice in Patients Diagnosed with Apnea of Prematurity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Comparing Italian versus European strategies and technologies for respiratory care in NICU: results of a survey of the Union of European Neonatal and Perinatal Societies (UENPS) and the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN).Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Management of Apnoea in Extremely Preterm Infants: A European Survey.Neonatology · 2025Article
- Effect of caffeine citrate on diaphragmatic electrical activity in pre-term newborns.PloS one · 2025Observational
- Caffeine use in preterm neonates: national insights into Turkish NICU practices.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Impact of early caffeine administration on respiratory outcomes in very preterm infants initially receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Observational
- Caffeine pharmacokinetics following umbilical vein injection during delayed cord clamping in preterm lambs.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Caffeine: how early is too early?Pediatric research · 2024Article
- The influence of chorioamnionitis on respiratory drive and spontaneous breathing of premature infants at birth: a narrative review.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Review
- Montelukast Sodium to Prevent and Treat Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Preterm Infants: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundCaffeine promotes spontaneous breathing by antagonizing adenosine. We assessed the direct effect of caffeine on respiratory effort in preterm infants at birth.MethodsThirty infants of 24-30 weeks of gestation were randomized for receiving caffeine directly after birth in the delivery room (caffeine DR group) or later in the neonatal intensive care unit (control group). Primary outcome was respiratory effort, expressed as minute volume, tidal volumes, respiratory rate, rate of rise to maximum tidal volume, and recruitment breaths at 7-9 min after birth.ResultsAfter correction for gestational age, minute volumes ((mean±SD; 189±74 vs. 162±70 ml/kg/min; P<0.05) and tidal volumes ((median (interquartile range (IQR)) 5.2 (3.9-6.4) vs. 4.4 (3.0-5.6) ml/kg) were significantly greater in the caffeine DR group. Although respiratory rates were similar ((mean±SD) 35±10 vs. 33±10), RoR increased significantly ((median (IQR) 14.3 (11.2-19.8) vs. 11.2 (7.9-15.2) ml/kg/s), and more recruitment breaths were observed (13 vs. 9%).ConclusionCaffeine increases respiratory effort in preterm infants at birth, but the effect on clinical outcomes needs further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.