ArticlePsychology and aging2017
Socioeconomic, health, and psychosocial mediators of racial disparities in cognition in early, middle, and late adulthood.
Article in Psychology and aging, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Locus of control moderates the effects of residential segregation on everyday functioning in Black older adults from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- High-resolution MRI evidence for age- and sex-related changes in hippocampal subfield volume during healthy aging.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Perceived control, brain health, and cognitive reserve: longitudinal resilience mechanisms in Black, White, and Hispanic older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Loss, inflammation, and cognition: Understanding the lifecourse impact of early life parental disruption.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Predictors and Outcomes Associated with 25-Year Cognitive Decline in Psychotic Disorders.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Dispersion-based cognitive intra-individual variability in former American football players: Association with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, repetitive head impacts, and biomarkers.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Article
- Modifiable factors associated with cognitive health trajectories among Indigenous, Hispanic, Black, and White older adults: an exploratory longitudinal panel analysis of the health and retirement study with a focus on Indigenous peoples.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Occupational position and complexity in relation to Black-White cognitive disparities.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Pathways to Racial/Ethnic Inequalities in Dementia.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2025Review
- Characteristics of discrimination and ambulatory cognitive performance among older Black and White adults.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Life course exposure to work strain and cognitive disparities by race and ethnicity.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Racialized experience, biomarkers of lead exposure, and later-life cognition: a mediation analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Examination of plasma biomarkers of amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in former elite American football players.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in social isolation and 11-year dementia risk among older adults in the United States.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2024Article
- Neighborhood racial income inequality and cognitive health.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Examining cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between multidomain physical fitness metrics, education, and cognition in Black older adults.Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · 2024Article
- Gerontology in Public Health: A Scoping Review of Current Perspectives and Interventions.Cureus · 2024Article
- Racial differences in the effect of verbal and nonverbal memory on concrete planning for future care needs among older adults: a multi-group structural equation modeling approach.Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · 2024Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Racial disparities in cognitive performance exist across the life course, but it is not known whether mediators of disparities differ by age. Understanding sources of cognitive disparities at different ages can inform policies and interventions. Data were obtained for non-Hispanic Black and White respondents to The National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States from 3 age groups: 28-44 (N = 1210; 20% Black); 45-64 (N = 2693; 15% Black); and 65-85 (N = 1298; 11% Black). Moderated mediation models characterized direct and indirect effects of race on episodic memory and executive function composite scores through economic, health, and psychosocial variables as a function of age group. Education, income, chronic health conditions, and external locus of control mediated cognitive disparities across the life course, although income was a stronger mediator at younger ages. Perceived discrimination was a weaker mediator among young adults due to an absence of racial differences in perceived discrimination in that group. Despite multiple indirect effects, there were still significant unexplained effects of race on cognition that were not moderated by age group. Interventional work is needed to determine whether increasing educational attainment and income, and reducing chronic health conditions and perceived constraints among Blacks, reduce cognitive disparities. Targeting income inequality and discrimination (or buffering the impact of those variables) may be differently effective at reducing cognitive disparities at different stages of the adult life course. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.