Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28286548›Full record

ArticleChild and adolescent psychiatry and mental health2017

The link between infant regulatory problems, temperament traits, maternal depressive symptoms and children's psychopathological symptoms at age three: a longitudinal study in a German at-risk sample.

Anna Sidor, Cristina Fischer, Manfred Cierpka

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07249593 (Parental Recognition of Child Needs and Its Impact on Early Childhood Regulatory Problems), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07249593 active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Parental Recognition of Child Needs and Its Impact on Early Childhood Regulatory Problems

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorMarmara UniversityRan2025 to 2029Enrolled262ConditionsRegulation, Self, Reflective Functioning, Mentalization, Child Sleep
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Early-life NOThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Helping parents to cope with infant regulatory disorders.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2024
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Anna SidorInstitute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Clinic Heidelberg, Bergheimerstr. 54, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
Cristina FischerInstitute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Clinic Heidelberg, Bergheimerstr. 54, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
Manfred CierpkaInstitute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Clinic Heidelberg, Bergheimerstr. 54, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDifficult conditions during childhood can limit an individual's development in many ways. Factors such as being raised in an at-risk family, child temperamental traits or maternal traits can potentially influence a child's later behaviour. The present study investigated the extent of regulatory problems in 6-month-old infants and their link to temperamental traits and impact on externalizing and internalizing problems at 36 months. Moderating effects of maternal distress and maternal depressive symptoms were tested as well.

methodsIn a quasi-experimental, longitudinal study, a sample of 185 mother-infant dyads at psychosocial risk was investigated at 6 months with SFS (infants' regulatory problems) and at 3 years with CBCL (children's behavioural problems), EAS (children's temperament), ADS (maternal depressive symptoms) and PSI-SF (maternal stress).

resultsA hierarchical regression analysis yielded a significant association between infants' regulatory problems and both externalizing and internalizing behaviour problems at age 3 (accounting for 16% and 14% variance), with both externalizing and internalizing problems being linked to current maternal depressive symptoms (12 and 9% of the variance). Externalizing and internalizing problems were found to be related also to children's temperamental difficulty (18 and 13% of variance) and their negative emotionality. With temperamental traits having been taken into account, only feeding problems at 6 months contributed near-significant to internalizing problems at 3 years.

conclusionsOur results underscore the crucial role of temperament in the path between early regulatory problems and subsequent behavioural difficulties. Children's unfavourable temperamental predispositions such as negative emotionality and generally "difficult temperament" contributed substantially to both externalizing and internalizing behavioural problems in the high-risk sample. The decreased predictive power of regulatory problems following the inclusion of temperamental variables indicates a mediation effect of temperamental traits in the path between early regulatory problems and subsequent behavioural problems. Our results support the main effects of a child's temperament, and to some degree maternal depressive symptoms, rather than the diathesis stress model of interaction between risky environment and temperamental traits.

Indexed as

Early regulatory problemsFamilies at riskMaternal depressionPsychopathological symptoms

Identifiers

PMID28286548
PMCPMC5340036

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.