ReviewFrontiers in neurology2017
Clinical Practice: Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Treatment of Cervical Dystonia with Botulinum Toxin.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Cognition in Cervical Dystonia.Neuropsychology review · 2024Pooled it
- The barriers and facilitators to satisfaction with botulinum neurotoxin treatment in people with cervical dystonia: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Repeat Treatments with DaxibotulinumtoxinA in Cervical Dystonia: Results from the ASPEN-Open-Label Study.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in Cervical Dystonia: ASPEN-1 Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial.Neurology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Cause or effect: Altered brain and network activity in cervical dystonia is partially normalized by botulinum toxin treatment.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2019Trial
- Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection for Cervical Dystonia in Adults with Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy.Toxins · 2018Trial
- Pridinol treatment in cervical dystonia: improvement of non-motor symptoms.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Optimal physiotherapy management strategies for cervical dystonia: an international Delphi study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Real-World Treatment Switch Rates, and Healthcare Costs of Botulinum Toxin Type A Among Patients with Cervical Dystonia in the USA: A Retrospective Claims Analysis.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in Adults with Cervical Dystonia: Clinical Insights from a Real-World Early Experience Program.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Observational
- Review
- Article
- Nationwide Trends in Healthcare Utilization and Expenditures Among Patients with Cervical Dystonia in Korea: A 7-Year Analysis Using Health Insurance Data.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparing Injection Methods of Botulinum Toxin A for Cervical Dystonia: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effects of Combined Vibration Ergometry and Botulinum Toxin on Gait Improvement in Asymmetric Lower Limb Spasticity: A Pilot Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Preventive Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin Long-Term Therapy: Comparison of the 'Experienced' Benefits and 'Suspected' Worsening Across Disease Entities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of Baduanjin exercise on balance impairment in patients with cervical dystonia.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 13 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most frequent form of focal dystonia. Symptoms often result in pain and functional disability. Local injections of botulinum neurotoxin are currently the treatment of choice for CD. Although this treatment has proven effective and is widely applied worldwide, many issues still remain open in the clinical practice. We performed a systematic review of the literature on botulinum toxin treatment for CD based on a question-oriented approach, with the aim to provide practical recommendations for the treating clinicians. Key questions from the clinical practice were explored. Results suggest that while the beneficial effect of botulinum toxin treatment on different aspects of CD is well established, robust evidence is still missing concerning some practical aspects, such as dose equivalence between different formulations, optimal treatment intervals, treatment approaches, and the use of supportive techniques including electromyography or ultrasounds. Established strategies to prevent or manage common side effects (including excessive muscle weakness, pain at injection site, dysphagia) and potential contraindications to this treatment (pregnancy and lactation, use of anticoagulants, neurological comorbidities) should also be further explored.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.