ReviewThe Science of the total environment2017
A discussion about public health, lead and Legionella pneumophila in drinking water supplies in the United States.
Review in The Science of the total environment, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heavy Metals Like Aluminum, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, and Zinc Polluting the Drinking Water: Their Individual Health Hazards.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Research gaps and priorities for quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA).Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2024Article
- Impact of orthophosphate on the solubility and properties of lead orthophosphate nanoparticles.Environmental science : water research & technology · 2024Article
- Reviewing performance of NSF/ANSI 53 certified water filters for lead removal.Water research · 2023Review
- Exposures and potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA.Environmental science : water research & technology · 2023Article
- An investigation of the seasonal relationships between meteorological factors, water quality, and sporadic cases of Legionnaires' disease in Washington, DC.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Impact of Heavy Metal Toxicity on the Gut Microbiota and Its Relationship with Metabolites and Future Probiotics Strategy: a Review.Biological trace element research · 2022Review
- Lead Disrupts Mitochondrial Morphology and Function through Induction of ER Stress in Model of Neurotoxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Pilot-scale expanded assessment of inorganic and organic tapwater exposures and predicted effects in Puerto Rico, USA.The Science of the total environment · 2021Article
- Public and private tapwater: Comparative analysis of contaminant exposure and potential risk, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA.Environment international · 2021Article
- Effects of lead and cadmium on the immune system and cancer progression.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2020Review
- Mixed organic and inorganic tapwater exposures and potential effects in greater Chicago area, USA.The Science of the total environment · 2020Article
- Disparity in Risk Factor Severity for Early Childhood Blood Lead among Predominantly African-American Black Children: The 1999 to 2010 US NHANES.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Reconnaissance of Mixed Organic and Inorganic Chemicals in Private and Public Supply Tapwaters at Selected Residential and Workplace Sites in the United States.Environmental science & technology · 2018Article
- Latent consequences of early-life lead (Pb) exposure and the future: Addressing the Pb crisis.Neurotoxicology · 2018Article
- Lead-induced changes of cytoskeletal protein is involved in the pathological basis in mice brain.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Assessment of the Legionnaires' disease outbreak in Flint, Michigan.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Blood Lead Levels and Dental Caries in U.S. Children Who Do Not Drink Tap Water.American journal of preventive medicine · 2018Article
- How geostatistics can help you find lead and galvanized water service lines: The case of Flint, MI.The Science of the total environment · 2017Article
- The Sources of Chemical Contaminants in Food and Their Health Implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lead (Pb) in public drinking water supplies has garnered much attention since the outset of the Flint water crisis. Pb is a known hazard in multiple environmental matrices, exposure from which results in long-term deleterious health effects in humans. This discussion paper aims to provide a succinct account of environmental Pb exposures with a focus on water Pb levels (WLLs) in the United States. It is understood that there is a strong correlation between WLLs and blood Pb levels (BLLs), and the associated health effects. However, within the Flint water crisis, more than water chemistry and Pb exposure occurred. A cascade of regulatory and bureaucratic failures culminated in the Flint water crisis. This paper will discuss pertinent regulations and responses including their limitations after an overview of the public health effects from Pb exposure as well as discussion on our limitations on monitoring and mitigating Pb in tap water. As the Flint water crisis also included increased Legionnares' disease, caused by Legionella pneumophila, this paper will discuss factors influencing L. pneumophila growth. This will highlight the systemic nature of changes to water chemistry and public health impacts. As we critically analyze these important aspects of water research, we offer discussions to stimulate future water quality research from a new and systemic perspective to inform and guide public health decision-making.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.