ArticleNeurotoxicity research2017
Complex Changes in the Innate and Adaptive Immunity Accompany Progressive Degeneration of the Nigrostriatal Pathway Induced by Intrastriatal Injection of 6-Hydroxydopamine in the Rat.
Article in Neurotoxicity research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pre-clinical Studies Identifying Molecular Pathways of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Spermidine Suppresses Peripheral Inflammation and Alleviates Non-Motor Symptoms in the 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Parkinson Disease Signaling Pathways, Molecular Mechanisms, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Integration of National Health Insurance claims data and animal models reveals fexofenadine as a promising repurposed drug for Parkinson's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells alleviate neuroinflammation by modulating M1/M2 polarization in cell and rat Parkinson's disease models.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Article
- Signaling pathways in Parkinson's disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Meningeal T cells function in the central nervous system homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- The complex role of inflammation and gliotransmitters in Parkinson's disease.Neurobiology of disease · 2023Review
- Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Neuroinflammation and Parkinson's Disease-From Neurodegeneration to Therapeutic Opportunities.Cells · 2022Review
- DAT and TH expression marks human Parkinson's disease in peripheral immune cells.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
- T cells, α-synuclein and Parkinson disease.Handbook of clinical neurology · 2022Review
- Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease - Putative Pathomechanisms and Targets for Disease-Modification.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Dopamine D2-Subtype Receptors Outside the Blood-Brain Barrier Mediate Enhancement of Mesolimbic Dopamine Release and Conditioned Place Preference by Intravenous Dopamine.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Polymorphisms of Dopamine Receptor Genes and Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Relevance and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Longitudinal PET Imaging of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors with [Molecular imaging and biology · 2020Article
- Dwellers and Trespassers: Mononuclear Phagocytes at the Borders of the Central Nervous System.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- α-Synuclein in Parkinson's disease: causal or bystander?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2019Review
- Rebamipide Mitigates Impairments in Mitochondrial Function and Bioenergetics with α-Synuclein Pathology in 6-OHDA-Induced Hemiparkinson's Model in Rats.Neurotoxicity research · 2019Article
- Peripheral-Central Neuroimmune Crosstalk in Parkinson's Disease: What Do Patients and Animal Models Tell Us?Frontiers in neurology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigated changes in innate and adaptive immunity paralleling the progressive nigrostriatal damage occurring in a neurotoxic model of Parkinson's disease (PD) based on unilateral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the rat striatum. A time-course analysis was conducted to assess changes in morphology (activation) and cell density of microglia and astrocytes, microglia polarization (M1 vs. M2 phenotype), lymphocyte infiltration in the lesioned substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and modifications of CD8+ and subsets of CD4+ T cell in peripheral blood accompanying nigrostriatal degeneration. Confirming previous results, we observed slightly different profiles of activation for astrocytes and microglia paralleling nigral neuronal loss. For astrocytes, morphological changes and cell density increases were mostly evident at the latest time points (14 and 28 days post-surgery), while moderate microglia activation was present since the earliest time point. For the first time, in this model, we described the time-dependent profile of microglia polarization. Activated microglia clearly expressed the M2 phenotype in the earlier phase of the experiment, before cell death became manifest, gradually shifting to the M1 phenotype as SNc cell death started. In parallel, a reduction in the percentage of circulating CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells, starting as early as day 3 post-6-OHDA injection, was detected in 6-OHDA-injected rats. Our data show that nigrostriatal degeneration is associated with complex changes in central and peripheral immunity. Microglia activation and polarization, Treg cells, and the factors involved in their cross-talk should be further investigated as targets for the development of therapeutic strategies for disease modification in PD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.