ArticleJournal of neuroimmunology2017
Novel feedback loop between M2 macrophages/microglia and regulatory B cells in estrogen-protected EAE mice.
Article in Journal of neuroimmunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human CD24+CD38+ regulatory B cells promote pro-resolving macrophage function through the synergistic effect of IL-10 and PD-L1.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Article
- The immune tolerance role of Bregs in inhibiting human inflammatory diseases, with a focus on diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Regulatory B cells, the key regulator to induce immune tolerance in organ transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Emerging Insights into the Role of Macrophages in Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Hormones and B-cell development in health and autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Complexity of Sex Differences and Their Impact on Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Influence of hormones in multiple sclerosis: focus on the most important hormones.Metabolic brain disease · 2023Review
- IRAK-M suppresses the activation of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis through inhibiting IRAK1 phosphorylation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- PD-L1 is required for estrogen-induced protection against severe EAE in IL-10 deficient miceMetabolic brain disease · 2023Article
- Modulation of the Microglial Nogo-A/NgR Signaling Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Multiple Sclerosis.Cells · 2022Review
- The effect of estrogen in coronavirus disease 2019.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2021Review
- Estrogen Receptor Functions and Pathways at the Vascular Immune Interface.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- p38 MAP Kinase Signaling in Microglia Plays a Sex-Specific Protective Role in CNS Autoimmunity and Regulates Microglial Transcriptional States.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Regulatory B Cells and Its Role in Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Estrogen-induced compensatory mechanisms protect IL-10-deficient mice from developing EAE.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Article
- Review
- The Short and Long-Term Effects of Pregnancy on Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2018Review
- B Regulatory Cells: Players in Pregnancy and Early Life.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Estrogen, Angiogenesis, Immunity and Cell Metabolism: Solving the Puzzle.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- 17Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunoregulatory sex hormones, including estrogen and estriol, may prevent relapses in multiple sclerosis during pregnancy. Our previous studies have demonstrated that regulatory B cells are crucial for estrogen-mediated protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Herein, we demonstrate an estrogen-dependent induction of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages/microglia that results in an increased frequency of regulatory B cells in the spinal cord of estrogen treated mice with EAE. We further demonstrate that cultured M2-polarized microglia promote the induction of regulatory B cells. Our study suggests that estrogen neuroprotection induces a regulatory feedback loop between M2 macrophages/microglia and regulatory B cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.