ArticleAnnals of global health
On the 2-Row Rule for Infectious Disease Transmission on Aircraft.
Article in Annals of global health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 associated with aircraft travel: a systematic review.Journal of travel medicine · 2021Pooled it
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- Acute respiratory infection (COVID-19) risk prediction in travelers: A random forest model.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Article
- Influenza: seasonality and travel-related considerations.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Review
- A distributionally robust optimization approach for airline integrated recovery under in-flight pandemic transmission risks.Transportation research. Part C, Emerging technologies · 2023Article
- Evaluation of infection probability of Covid-19 in different types of airliner cabins.Building and environment · 2023Article
- Spatial immunization to abate disease spreading in transportation hubs.Nature communications · 2023Article
- The Impact of Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Design Features on the Transmission of Viruses, Including SARS-CoV-2: Overview of Reviews.Interactive journal of medical research · 2022Review
- Covid-19 infection risk on US domestic airlines.Health care management science · 2022Article
- Respiratory Viral Infections in Athletes: Many Unanswered Questions.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- COVID-19 pandemic and air transportation: Successfully navigating the paper hurricane.Journal of air transport management · 2021Article
- Risk of symptomatic COVID-19 due to aircraft transmission: a retrospective cohort study of contact-traced flights during England's containment phase.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2021Article
- Analytical approach to solve the problem of aircraft passenger boarding during the coronavirus pandemic.Transportation research. Part C, Emerging technologies · 2021Article
- High-Fidelity Simulation of Pathogen Propagation, Transmission and Mitigation in the Built Environment.Archives of computational methods in engineering : state of the art reviews · 2021Article
- Transmission of SARS-CoV 2 During Long-Haul Flight.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Experience repatriation of citizens from epicentre using commercial flights during COVID-19 pandemic.International journal of emergency medicine · 2020Article
- Lack of COVID-19 transmission on an international flight.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2020Article
- Behaviors, movements, and transmission of droplet-mediated respiratory diseases during transcontinental airline flights.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Cabin crew health and fitness-to-fly: Opportunities for re-evaluation amid COVID-19.Travel medicine and infectious diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith over two billion airline passengers annually, in-flight transmission of infectious diseases is an important global health concern. Many instances of in-flight transmission have been documented, but the relative influence of the many factors (see below) affecting in-flight transmission has not been quantified. Long-standing guidance by public health agencies is that the primary transmission risk associated with air travel for most respiratory infectious diseases is associated with sitting within two rows of an infectious passenger. The effect of proximity may be one of these factors.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the risk of infection within and beyond the 2-row rule given by public health guidance.
methodsWe searched the literature for reports of in-flight transmission of infection which included seat maps indicating where the infectious and infected passengers were seated.
findingsThere is a ∼ 6% risk to passengers seated within the 2-rows of infected individual(s) and there is ∼ 2% risk to passengers seated beyond 2-rows from the infectious individual. DISCUSSION: Contact tracing limited to passengers within 2-rows of the infectious individual(s) could fail to detect other cases of infections. This has important consequences for assessing the spread of infectious diseases.
conclusionsInfection at a distance from the index case indicates other factors, such as airflow, movement of passenger/crew members, fomites and contacts between passengers in the departure gate before boarding, or after deplaning, are involved.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.