ArticleBMC genomics2017
Genome analysis following a national increase in Scarlet Fever in England 2014.
Article in BMC genomics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Time to negative throat culture following initiation of antibiotics for pharyngeal group AEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Pooled it
- Contact Patterns Drive Age-Structured Transmission Dynamics and Seasonality of Scarlet Fever.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Utilizing large and diverse bacterial genome datasets to improve the detection and identification ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Increasing incidence of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) outbreaks in England 2015-2019.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Clinical Snapshot of Group A Streptococcal Isolates from an Australian Tertiary Hospital.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization ofMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- The Streptococcus phage protein paratox is an intrinsically disordered protein.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- Oral Manifestations in Monkeypox: A Scoping Review on Implications for Oral Health.Dentistry journal · 2023Article
- Group AJournal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Genomic Characterization of Skin and Soft Tissue Streptococcus pyogenes Isolates from a Low-Income and a High-Income Setting.mSphere · 2023Article
- A review of penicillin binding protein and group AFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Group A streptococcal (GAS) infections amongst children in Europe: Taming the rising tide.New microbes and new infections · 2023Article
- The dynamics of scarlet fever in The Netherlands, 1906-1920: a historical analysis.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- Article
- Clinical management and impact of scarlet fever in the modern era: findings from a cross-sectional study of cases in London, 2018-2019.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Streptococcal superantigens and the return of scarlet fever.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- Population Genomics ofmSystems · 2021Article
- Cryptic prophages within aMicrobial genomics · 2021Article
- Identification of epidemic scarlet fever group AAccess microbiology · 2021Article
- Prophage exotoxins enhance colonization fitness in epidemic scarlet fever-causing Streptococcus pyogenes.Nature communications · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring a substantial elevation in scarlet fever (SF) notifications in 2014 a national genomic study was undertaken of Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococci, GAS) isolates from patients with SF with comparison to isolates from patients with invasive disease (iGAS) to test the hypotheses that the increase in SF was due to either the introduction of one or more new/emerging strains in the population in England or the transmission of a known genetic element through the population of GAS by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) resulting in infections with an increased likelihood of causing SF. Isolates were collected to provide geographical representation, for approximately 5% SF isolates from each region from 1
results555 isolates were analysed, 303 from patients with SF and 252 from patients with iGAS. Isolates from patients with SF were of multiple distinct emm sequence types and phylogenetic lineages. Prior to data normalisation, emm3 was the predominant type (accounting for 42.9% of SF isolates, 130/303 95%CI 37.5-48.5; 14.7% higher than the percentage of emm3 isolates found in the iGAS isolates). Post-normalisation emm types, 4 and 12, were found to be over-represented in patients with SF versus iGAS (p < 0.001). A single gene, ssa, was over-represented in isolates from patients with SF. No single phage was found to be over represented in SF vs iGAS. However, a "meta-ssa" phage defined by the presence of :315.2, SPsP6, MGAS10750.3 or HK360ssa, was found to be over represented. The HKU360.vir phage was not detected yet the HKU360.ssa phage was present in 43/63 emm12 isolates but not found to be over-represented in isolates from patients with SF.
conclusionsThere is no evidence that the increased number of SF cases was a strain-specific or known mobile element specific phenomenon, as the increase in SF cases was associated with multiple lineages of GAS.
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