ArticleAging & mental health2018
Direct medical expenditures associated with Alzheimer's and related dementias (ADRD) in a nationally representative sample of older adults - an excess cost approach.
Article in Aging & mental health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- International depiction of the cost of functional independence limitations among older adults living in the community: a systematic review and cost-of-impairment study.BMC geriatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Housing Assistance and Health Care Access Among Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: Evidence from Multisource Linked Survey-Administrative Data.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Alzheimer's Disease in Illinois: Analyzing Disparities and Projected Trends.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Supporting Individuals With Cognitive Impairment and Family Members in Rural Communities: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Digital Health Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Healthcare Complexities in Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies: A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Healthcare Expenditures Among Older Immigrants in the United States With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: Population-Based Study Between 2007 and 2020.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Direct healthcare expenditure on Alzheimer's disease from healthcare providers' perspective in Malaysia: a micro-costing approach.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Cost of care for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in the United States: 2016 to 2060.npj aging · 2024Article
- Incremental burden on health-related quality of life, health service utilization and direct medical expenditures associated with cognitive impairment among non-institutionalized people with diabetes aged 65 years and older.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2024Article
- Caring for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: A Spotlight on Hispanic Caregivers.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Review
- Medicare Advantage Enrollment and Disenrollment Among Persons With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias.JAMA health forum · 2023Article
- One-year Medicare costs associated with delirium in older hospitalized patients with and without Alzheimer's disease dementia and related disorders.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Public spending on acute and long-term care for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Systematic analysis of cuproptosis-related genes in immunological characterization and predictive drugs in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Intraindividual Cognitive Variability and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Aging American Indians: Data from the Strong Heart Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- The costs of treating all-cause dementia among American Indians and Alaska native adults who access services through the Indian Health Service and Tribal health programs.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Article
- Antihypertensive Use and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias among Older Adults in the USA.Drugs & aging · 2022Article
- Patient cognitive impairment associated with higher home health care delivery costs.Health services research · 2022Article
- Higher blood cotinine level is associated with worse cognitive functioning in non-smoking older adults.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Longitudinal study: understanding the lived experience of couples across the trajectory of dementia.BMC geriatrics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the excess direct annual healthcare expenditures associated with Alzheimer's and related dementias(ADRD) among community-dwelling older adults in the United States.
methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study compared the annual healthcare expenditures between elderly individuals aged 65 years and older with ADRD (n = 662) and without ADRD (n = 13,398) using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) for the years 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013. Adjusted total annual medical expenditures was estimated using generalized linear model with gamma distribution and log link in 2013 U.S. dollars. Adjusted inpatient, outpatient, emergency, home healthcare and prescription drug expenditures, were estimated using two-part logit-generalized linear regression models.
resultsThe adjusted mean total healthcare expenditures were higher for the ADRD group as compared to the no ADRD group($14,508 vs. $10,096). Among those with ADRD, 34.3% of the expenditures were for home healthcare as compared to 4.4% among those without ADRD. Among users, the ADRD group had significantly higher home healthcare ($3,240 vs. $566) and prescription drug expenditures($3,471 vs. $2,471). There were no statistically significant differences in inpatient, emergency room and outpatient expenditures between the ADRD and no ADRD group.
conclusionADRD in U.S. community-dwelling elders is associated with significant financial burden, primarily driven by increased home healthcare use.
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