ArticlePLoS pathogens2017
H1N1 influenza viruses varying widely in hemagglutinin stability transmit efficiently from swine to swine and to ferrets.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Resistance Mutations to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Destabilize Hemagglutinin and Attenuate H1N1 Influenza Virus.Viruses · 2025Article
- Host switching mutations in H5N1 influenza hemagglutinin suppress site-specific activation dynamics.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Host Switching Mutations in H5N1 Influenza Hemagglutinin Suppress Site-specific Activation Dynamics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring genetic signatures of zoonotic influenza A virus at the swine-human interface with phylogenetic and ancestral sequence reconstruction.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Potential pandemic risk of circulating swine H1N2 influenza viruses.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Molecular Markers and Mechanisms of Influenza A Virus Cross-Species Transmission and New Host Adaptation.Viruses · 2024Review
- Article
- Interspecies Transmission of Swine Influenza A Viruses and Human Seasonal Vaccine-Mediated Protection Investigated in Ferret Model.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Hemagglutinin destabilization in H3N2 vaccine reference viruses skews antigenicity and prevents airborne transmission in ferrets.Science advances · 2023Article
- Swine H1N1 Influenza Virus Variants with Enhanced Polymerase Activity and HA Stability Promote Airborne Transmission in Ferrets.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Host and geographic barriers shape the competition, coexistence, and extinction patterns of influenza A (H1N1) viruses.Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Ancestral sequence reconstruction pinpoints adaptations that enable avian influenza virus transmission in pigs.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- Relationship between hemagglutinin stability and influenza virus persistence after exposure to low pH or supraphysiological heating.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Review
- Cell-Culture Adaptation of H3N2 Influenza Virus Impacts Acid Stability and Reduces Airborne Transmission in Ferret Model.Viruses · 2021Article
- Article
- Hemagglutinin Traits Determine Transmission of Avian A/H10N7 Influenza Virus between Mammals.Cell host & microbe · 2020Article
- An influenza A hemagglutinin small-molecule fusion inhibitor identified by a new high-throughput fluorescence polarization screen.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A pandemic-capable influenza virus requires a hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein that is immunologically unseen by most people and is capable of supporting replication and transmission in humans. HA stabilization has been linked to 2009 pH1N1 pandemic potential in humans and H5N1 airborne transmissibility in the ferret model. Swine have served as an intermediate host for zoonotic influenza viruses, yet the evolutionary pressure exerted by this host on HA stability was unknown. For over 70 contemporary swine H1 and H3 isolates, we measured HA activation pH to range from pH 5.1 to 5.9 for H1 viruses and pH 5.3 to 5.8 for H3 viruses. Thus, contemporary swine isolates vary widely in HA stability, having values favored by both avian (pH >5.5) and human and ferret (pH ≤5.5) species. Using an early 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus backbone, we generated three viruses differing by one HA residue that only altered HA stability: WT (pH 5.5), HA1-Y17H (pH 6.0), and HA2-R106K (pH 5.3). All three replicated in pigs and transmitted from pig-to-pig and pig-to-ferret. WT and R106 viruses maintained HA genotype and phenotype after transmission. Y17H (pH 6.0) acquired HA mutations that stabilized the HA protein to pH 5.8 after transmission to pigs and 5.5 after transmission to ferrets. Overall, we found swine support a broad range of HA activation pH for contact transmission and many recent swine H1N1 and H3N2 isolates have stabilized (human-like) HA proteins. This constitutes a heightened pandemic risk and underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance and control efforts for swine viruses.
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