Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28280233›Full record

Trial reportCirculation2017

Plasma Ceramides, Mediterranean Diet, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the PREDIMED Trial (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea).

Dong D Wang, Estefanía Toledo, Adela Hruby, Bernard A Rosner, Walter C Willett, Qi Sun, Cristina Razquin, Yan Zheng, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Marta Guasch-Ferré and 15 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · greenAbstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Circulation, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 202 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
202citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
12.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

202 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 312 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Ceramide Remodeling and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018
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142 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dong D WangFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Estefanía ToledoFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Adela HrubyFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Bernard A RosnerFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Walter C WillettFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Qi SunFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Cristina RazquinFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Yan ZhengFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Miguel Ruiz-CanelaFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Marta Guasch-FerréFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Dolores CorellaFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Enrique Gómez-GraciaFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Miquel FiolFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Ramón EstruchFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Emilio RosFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
José LapetraFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Montserrat FitoFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Fernando ArosFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Luis Serra-MajemFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Chih-Hao LeeFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Clary B ClishFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Liming LiangFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Jordi Salas-SalvadóFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Miguel A Martínez-GonzálezFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.).
Frank B HuFrom Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., W.C.W., Q.S., Y.Z., M.G.-F., C.-H.L., F.B.H.); Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., W.C.W., L.L., F.B.H.), Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R., L.L.), Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases (C.-H.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition (M.A.M.-G.), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., M.A.M.-G.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (E.T., C.R., M.R.-C., D.C., M.F., R.E., E.R., J.L., M.F., F.A., L.S.-M., J.S.-S., M.A.M.-G.); Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA (A.H.); Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.A.R., W.C.W., Q.S., F.B.H.); Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain (M.G.-F., J.S.-S.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.); Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain (E.G.-G.); University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.F.); Department of Internal Medicine (R.E.), Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain (E.R.); Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain (J.L.); Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (M.F.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (F.A.); Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (L.S.-M.); and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (C.B.C.). nhbfh@channing.harvard.edu.
Harvard University · US

Funding

ROLE OF DIETARY CONSTITUENTS ON GENE EXPRESSION IN INTESTINAL EPITHELIUMP30DK040561 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Elizabeth Austen Lawson, Takara Leah Stanley · 1994 to 2026
$31.6M
Mediterranean diet, Metabolites, and Cardiovascular DiseaseR01HL118264 · NHLBI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI HU, FRANK B, LAMUELA-RAVENTÓS, ROSA · 2013 to 2025
$6.8M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL118264NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK040561
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough in vitro studies and investigations in animal models and small clinical populations have suggested that ceramides may represent an intermediate link between overnutrition and certain pathological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD), no prospective studies have investigated the association between plasma ceramides and risk of CVD.

methodsThe study population consisted of 980 participants from the PREDIMED trial (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea), including 230 incident cases of CVD and 787 randomly selected participants at baseline (including 37 overlapping cases) followed for ≤7.4 years. Participants were randomized to a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts, or a control diet. Plasma ceramide concentrations were measured on a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics platform. The primary outcome was a composite of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. Hazard ratios were estimated with weighted Cox regression models using Barlow weights to account for the case-cohort design.

resultsThe multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the extreme quartiles of plasma concentrations of C16:0, C22:0, C24:0, and C24:1 ceramides were 2.39 (1.49-3.83,

conclusionsOur study documented a novel positive association between baseline plasma ceramide concentrations and incident CVD. In addition, a Mediterranean dietary intervention may mitigate potential deleterious effects of elevated plasma ceramide concentrations on CVD. CLINICAL

trial registrationURL: http://www.isrctn.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.

Indexed as

Diet, MediterraneanRisk Reduction BehaviorAgedBiomarkersCardiovascular DiseasesCeramidesChromatography, LiquidFemaleHumansIncidenceLinear ModelsMaleMetabolomicsMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisNutsBiomarkersCeramidesOlive Oilcardiovascular diseaseceramidecoronary heart diseaseMediterranean dietstroke

Identifiers

PMID28280233
PMCPMC5496817
OpenAlexW2890371182

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.