ArticlePloS one2017
Household air pollution from use of cooking fuel and under-five mortality: The role of breastfeeding status and kitchen location in Pakistan.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exposure to indoor air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies on Household Fuel Use and Its Health Effects Using Demographic and Health Surveys.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Household air pollution and under-five mortality in Kyrgyzstan: a survival analysis using multiple indicator cluster survey 2023 data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Impact of household air pollution on under 5 mortalities and ARI in sub saharan africa: evidence from demographic and health survey 2010-2020.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Survival probability and under-five mortality predictors in Western Kenya between 2015 and 2020.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Determinants of solid fuel use in Sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis using DHS data.PloS one · 2025Article
- Attaining sustainable development in Nigeria: the role of solid waste, urbanization and pollution in reducing under-five mortality.Discover sustainability · 2024Article
- Article
- Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach.Open life sciences · 2023Article
- Associations between household air pollution and early child development among children aged 36-59 months in Bangladesh.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2022Article
- Decomposition of factors associated with housing material inequality in under-five deaths in low and middle-income countries.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Article
- Association between household air pollution and child mortality in Myanmar using a multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression with robust variance.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Long-term exposure to indoor air pollution and risk of tuberculosis.Indoor air · 2021Article
- Understanding the association between gradient of cooking fuels and low birth weight in India.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- Household air pollution and under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of 14 demographic and health surveys.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Investigating the Association between Wood and Charcoal Domestic Cooking, Respiratory Symptoms and Acute Respiratory Infections among Children Aged Under 5 Years in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Determinants of Acute Respiratory Infection Among Children in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.International journal of general medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Household air pollution (HAP) mainly from cooking fuel is one of the major causes of respiratory illness and deaths among young children in low and middle-income countries like Pakistan. This study investigates for the first time the association between HAP from cooking fuel and under-five mortality using the 2013 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) data. Multi-level logistic regression models were used to examine the association between HAP and under-five mortality in a total of 11,507 living children across four age-groups (neonatal aged 0-28 days, post-neonatal aged 1-11 months, child aged 12-59 months and under-five aged 0-59 months). Use of cooking fuel was weakly associated with total under-five mortality (OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 0.92-1.64, P = 0.170), with stronger associations evident for sub-group analyses of children aged 12-59 months (OR = 1.98, 95%CI = 0.75-5.25, P = 0.169). Strong associations between use of cooking fuel and mortality were evident (ORs >5) in those aged 12-59 months for households without a separate kitchen using polluting fuels, and in children whose mother never breastfed. The results of this study suggest that HAP from cooking fuel is associated with a modest increase in the risk of death among children under five years of age in Pakistan, but particularly in those aged 12-59 months, and those living in poorer socioeconomic conditions. To reduce exposure to cooking fuel which is a preventable determinant of under-five mortality in Pakistan, the challenge remains to promote behavioural interventions such as breastfeeding in infancy period, keeping young children away from the cooking area, and improvements in housing and kitchen design.
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