ArticlePloS one2017
Combined regimen of photodynamic therapy mediated by Gallium phthalocyanine chloride and Metformin enhances anti-melanoma efficacy.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stable triangle: nanomedicine-based synergistic application of phototherapy and immunotherapy for tumor treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Caspase-1 Regulates the Apoptosis and Pyroptosis Induced by Phthalocyanine Zinc-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Novel Short PEG Chain-Substituted Porphyrins: Synthesis, Photochemistry, and In Vitro Photodynamic Activity against Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Metformin overcomes metabolic reprogramming-induced resistance of skin squamous cell carcinoma to photodynamic therapy.Molecular metabolism · 2022Article
- Zeaxanthin-Rich Extract from SuperfoodMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Antibody-Based Immunotherapy: Alternative Approaches for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Metformin as an Adjuvant to Photodynamic Therapy in Resistant Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells.Cancers · 2020Article
- Investigation of combined photodynamic and radiotherapy effects of gallium phthalocyanine chloride on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · 2020Article
- Unveiling Ga(III) phthalocyanine-a different photosensitizer in neuroblastoma cellular model.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2019Article
- Oxidative stress generated by irradiation of a zinc(II) phthalocyanine induces a dual apoptotic and necrotic response in melanoma cells.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2019Article
- A Novel Thiazolyl Schiff Base: Antibacterial and Antifungal Effects andOxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMelanoma therapy is challenging, especially in advanced cases, due to multiple developed tumor defense mechanisms. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) might represent an adjuvant treatment, because of its bimodal action: tumor destruction and immune system awakening. In this study, a combination of PDT mediated by a metal substituted phthalocyanine-Gallium phthalocyanine chloride (GaPc) and Metformin was used against melanoma. The study aimed to: (1) find the anti-melanoma efficacy of GaPc-PDT, (2) assess possible beneficial effects of Metformin addition to PDT, (3) uncover some of the mechanisms underlining cell killing and anti-angiogenic effects.
methodsTwo human lightly pigmented melanoma cell lines: WM35 and M1/15 subjected to previous Metformin exposure were treated by GaPc-PDT. Cell viability, death mechanism, cytoskeleton alterations, oxidative damage, were assessed by means of colorimetry, flowcytometry, confocal microscopy, spectrophotometry, ELISA, Western Blotting.
resultsGaPc proved an efficient photosensitizer. Metformin addition enhanced cell killing by mechanisms dependent on the cell line, namely apoptosis in the metastatic M1/15 and necrosis in the radial growth phase, WM35. Cell death mechanism relied on the inhibition of nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB activation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) sensitization, leading to TRAIL and TNF-α induced apoptosis. Metformin diminished the anti-angiogenic effect of PDT.
conclusionsMetformin addition to GaPc-PDT increased tumor cell killing through enhanced oxidative damage and induction of proapoptotic mechanisms, but altered PDT anti-angiogenic effects. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Combination of Metformin and PDT might represent a solution to enhance the efficacy, leading to a potential adjuvant role of PDT in melanoma therapy.
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