ArticleGut microbes2017
The Galleria mellonella larvae as an in vivo model for evaluation of Shigella virulence.
Article in Gut microbes, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indole decreases the virulence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Characterization of the role of putativeJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- The antiparasitic drug Nitazoxanide enhances the susceptibility of Candida albicans to fluconazole.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- High pathogenic potential of Shigella flexneri strains descending from a common ancestor isolated over 34 years in Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
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- An ELISA-based method forPeerJ · 2024Article
- Protective Effect of Procyanidin-Rich Grape Seed Extract against Gram-Negative Virulence Factors.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The in vitro and in vivo effects ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2023Article
- In Vitro Effect on Piglet Gut Microbiota and In Vivo Assessment of Newly Isolated Bacteriophages against F18 EnterotoxigenicViruses · 2023Article
- Lepidopteran insects: emerging model organisms to study infection by enteropathogens.Folia microbiologica · 2023Review
- The VirtuousAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Genomic and phenotypic comparison ofVirulence · 2022Article
- Label-free multimodal imaging of infected Galleria mellonella larvae.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Design of a Bacteriophage Cocktail Active againstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Dissecting the invasion of Galleria mellonella by Yersinia enterocolitica reveals metabolic adaptations and a role of a phage lysis cassette in insect killing.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Demonstration of the efficacy of curcumin on carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Galleria mellonella larvae model.Archives of microbiology · 2022Article
- Review
- Establishing an invertebrateVirulence · 2021Article
- Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GdhA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Required for High Temperature Adaptation.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Shigella spp. causing bacterial diarrhea and dysentery are human enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens that are orally transmitted through contaminated food and water and cause bacillary dysentery. Although natural Shigella infections are restricted to humans and primates, several smaller animal models are used to analyze individual steps in pathogenesis. No animal model fully duplicates the human response and sustaining the models requires expensive animals, costly maintenance of animal facilities, veterinary services and approved animal protocols. This study proposes the development of the caterpillar larvae of Galleria mellonella as a simple, inexpensive, informative, and rapid in-vivo model for evaluating virulence and the interaction of Shigella with cells of the insect innate immunity. Virulent Shigella injected through the forelegs causes larvae death. The mortality rates were dependent on the Shigella strain, the infectious dose, and the presence of the virulence plasmid. Wild-type S. flexneri 2a, persisted and replicated within the larvae, resulting in haemocyte cell death, whereas plasmid-cured mutants were rapidly cleared. Histology of the infected larvae in conjunction with fluorescence, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy indicate that S. flexneri reside within a vacuole of the insect haemocytes that ultrastructurally resembles vacuoles described in studies with mouse and human macrophage cell lines. Some of these bacteria-laden vacuoles had double-membranes characteristic of autophagosomes. These results suggest that G. mellonella larvae can be used as an easy-to-use animal model to understand Shigella pathogenesis that requires none of the time and labor-consuming procedures typical of other systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.