ArticleScientific reports2017
Microbial transformation of ginsenoside Rb1, Re and Rg1 and its contribution to the improved anti-inflammatory activity of ginseng.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Korean Red Ginseng Potentially Improves Maintaining Antibodies after COVID-19 Vaccination: A 24-Week Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Microbiome-mediated pharmacology of ginseng: Mechanistic insights into metabolic regulation and therapeutic potential.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Development and Characterization of Ginsenoside-Aconitum Lipidic Cubic Nanoparticle-Loaded Dissolving Microneedles for Enhanced Transdermal Anti-inflammatory Therapy.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Ginsenosides in Modern Pharmaceutics: Mechanisms, Applications, Challenges, and Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Alcoholic brain injury is a modifiable risk factor: natural active substance intervention promises to improve alcohol-induced cognitive impairment.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Application of microorganisms in Panax ginseng: cultivation of plants, and biotransformation and bioactivity of key component ginsenosides.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- The effects of dietary supplementation of ginseng stem and leaf saponins on the antioxidant capacity, immune response, and disease resistance of crucian carp, Carassius auratus.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2024Article
- Structural Characters and Pharmacological Activity of Protopanaxadiol-Type Saponins and Protopanaxatriol-Type Saponins from Ginseng.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Review
- Ginsenoside RbPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The interaction between ginseng and gut microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Roles of ginsenosides in sepsis.Journal of ginseng research · 2023Review
- Characterization of a novel thermophilic beta-glucosidase from3 Biotech · 2022Article
- Cloning and characterization of thermophilic endoglucanase and its application in the transformation of ginsenosides.AMB Express · 2022Article
- Enzymatic Biotransformation of Gypenoside XLIX into Gylongiposide I and Their Antiviral Roles against Enterovirus 71 In Vitro.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Rhizosphere Microbiome of Ginseng.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- A Comparative Study on Analysis of Ginsenosides in American Ginseng Root Residue by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and UPLC-HRMS-MS/MS.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Highly Regioselective Biotransformation of Protopanaxadiol-type and Protopanaxatriol-type Ginsenosides in the Underground Parts ofACS omega · 2022Article
- Korean Red Ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways.Journal of ginseng research · 2022Article
- UPLC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics reveals the chemical changes andFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- A review for discovering bioactive minor saponins and biotransformative metabolites inFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microbial transformation of ginsenosides to increase its pharmaceutical effect is gaining increasing attention in recent years. In this study, Cellulosimicrobium sp. TH-20, which was isolated from soil samples on which ginseng grown, exhibited effective ginsenoside-transforming activity. After protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenoside (Rb1) and protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides (Re and Rg1) were fed to C. sp. TH20, a total of 12 metabolites, including 6 new intermediate metabolites, were identified. Stepwise deglycosylation and dehydrogenation on the feeding precursors have been observed. The final products were confirmed to be rare ginsenosides Rd, GypXVII, Rg2 and PPT after 96 h transformation with 38-96% yields. The four products showed improved anti-inflammatory activities by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and the xylene-induced acute inflammatory model of mouse ear edema. The results indicated that they could dramatically attenuate the production of TNF-α more effectively than the precursors. Our study would provide an example of a unique and powerful microbial cell factory for efficiently converting both PPD-type and PPT-type ginsenosides to rare natural products, which extends the drug candidates as novel anti-inflammatory remedies.
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