ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2017
New insights into the burden and costs of multiple sclerosis in Europe.
Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 309 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Movement Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.
The Effects of Ketogenic Diet Therapy Versus the Mediterranean Diet on Quality of Life in a Group of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis - the KETOMED-MS Study
Who cites it
309 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Natalizumab and Tyruko (natalizumab biosimilar) for treating highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after at least one disease-modifying therapy: a systematic review and economic model.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- An updated review of the economic burden of multiple sclerosis: direct and indirect costs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- MS Fatigue Post High-Efficacy Treatment.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Do immune checkpoint inhibitors affect the course of multiple sclerosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Choroid plexus volume changes in multiple sclerosis: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies.Neuroradiology · 2024Pooled it
- Disease-modifying therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2023Pooled it
- Does the inclusion of societal costs change the economic evaluations recommendations? A systematic review for multiple sclerosis disease.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2023Pooled it
- Siponimod for multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Economic Burden of Multiple Sclerosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2021Pooled it
- Long-term cross sectoral care and case management for people with severe multiple sclerosis and their caregivers - impact on dimensions of life.BMC health services research · 2026Trial
- Cognitive training, exercise training or combined training? A comparative effectiveness research study on subjective and objective cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Trial
- Information processing speed modulation by electrical brain stimulation in multiple sclerosis: towards individually tailored protocols.Brain communications · 2025Trial
- Reliability of Isometric Muscle Strength Measurement and Its Accuracy Prediction of Maximal Dynamic Force in People with Multiple Sclerosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Trial
- Risk of requiring a walking aid after 6.5 years of ocrelizumab treatment in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: Data from the OPERA I and OPERA II trials.European journal of neurology · 2022Trial
- Risk of requiring a wheelchair in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Data from the ORATORIO trial and the MSBase registry.European journal of neurology · 2022Trial
- Neural Stem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence for CNS Repair and Translational Hurdles.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Complex intervention for MS patients in Germany - can it be cost-saving for the society?The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with Thymoquinone as a novel treatment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Immune reconstitution and tolerance-inducing therapies as promising therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
249 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe current focus in multiple sclerosis (MS) is on early diagnosis and drug intervention, with a view to modifying disease progression. Consequently, healthcare costs have shifted from inpatient care and rehabilitation to outpatient care.
objectivesThis European burden of illness study provides data that can be combined with other evidence to assess whether management approaches provide value to society.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 countries. Patients reported on their disease, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and resource consumption. Descriptive analyses were performed by disease severity. Costs are reported from a societal perspective in 2015€ PPP (adjusted for purchasing power parity).
resultsThe 16,808 participants had a mean age of 51.5 years, and 52% had relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Work capacity declined from 82% to 8%, and utility declined from normal population values to less than zero with advancing disease. Mean costs were 22,800€ PPP in mild, 37,100€ PPP in moderate and 57,500€ PPP in severe disease; healthcare accounted for 68%, 47% and 26%, respectively. Fatigue and cognitive difficulties were reported by 95% and 71% of participants, respectively; both had a significant independent effect on utility.
conclusionCosts and utility were highly correlated with disease severity, but resource consumption was heavily influenced by healthcare systems organisation and availability of services.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.