ArticleArchives of endocrinology and metabolism
Is there an association between thyroid function abnormalities and breast cancer?
Article in Archives of endocrinology and metabolism. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-Based Use of Levothyroxine/Liothyronine Combinations in Treating Hypothyroidism: A Consensus Document.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2021Guideline
- Association between benign thyroid disease and breast cancer: a single center experience.BMC endocrine disorders · 2019Trial
- Thyroid Hormone Treatment and Breast Cancer Risk in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Role of Oxidative Stress in the Occurrence, Development, and Treatment of Breast Cancer.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cord blood metabolomics reveals gestational metabolic disorder associated with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies positivity.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- The TSH/Thyroid Hormones Axis and Breast Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Thyroid Diseases and Breast Cancer.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Organophosphate and Organohalogen Flame-Retardant Exposure and Thyroid Hormone Disruption in a Cross-Sectional Study of Female Firefighters and Office Workers from San Francisco.Environmental science & technology · 2022Article
- Risk Factors of Synchronous Breast and Thyroid Cancer: a Controlled Multicenter Study and Review of the Literature.Materia socio-medica · 2021Review
- Evidence-Based Use of Levothyroxine/Liothyronine Combinations in Treating Hypothyroidism: A Consensus Document.European thyroid journal · 2021Article
- Thyroid disease is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Gland surgery · 2021Article
- Thyroid hormones and breast cancer association according to menopausal status and body mass index.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2018Article
- Gynecomastia after euthyroidism restoration in a patient with type 1 diabetes and Graves' disease.Clinical case reports · 2018Article
- Thyroid Hormone in the Clinic and Breast Cancer.Hormones & cancer · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between thyroid function abnormalities and breast cancer and, in particular, the prognostic markers of breast cancer.. SUBJECTS AND
methodsBaseline levels of thyrotropin, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and thyroid autoantibodies were measured in 97 women with primary breast cancer, 27 women with benign breast disease, and 4 women with atypical ductal hyperplasia. Their baseline levels were compared with those in 48 healthy women with a normal mammography in the last 2 years.
resultsThere were no significant associations between history of thyroid disease and breast cancer (p = 0.33). The mean baseline levels of triiodothyronine and thyrotropin did not differ significantly between the compared groups. The mean baseline levels of free thyroxine were found to be significantly higher in the breast cancer group, even after adjusting for thyroid replacement therapy. The presence of thyroid antibodies did not differ significantly between the compared groups. In a subgroup analysis, breast cancer cases with thyroid disease and particularly hypothyroidism had a significantly lower incidence of lymph node metastases compared with breast cancer cases without thyroid disease.
conclusionsOur data confirmed the proliferative effect of thyroid hormones on breast cells, which had previously been shown in vitro. Additionally, thyroid disease and particularly hypothyroid function appeared to be associated with a lower incidence of lymph node metastases. Further studies to determine the prognostic role of thyroid hormones in breast cancer are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.