ArticlePloS one2017
Incidence and risk factors for hypertension among HIV patients in rural Tanzania - A prospective cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypertension among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among peoples living with HIV in East Africa, a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Patho-immune Mechanisms of Hypertension in HIV: a Systematic and Thematic Review.Current hypertension reports · 2019Pooled it
- Incident hypertension among adults on ART in Malawi: a nested cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Risk Factors for Incident Hypertension Within 1 Year of Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy Among People with HIV.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Trial
- Blood pressure and mortality in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected adults in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.Journal of hypertension · 2018Trial
- Optimizing Antihypertensive Care for Tanzanians Living With HIV: Effectiveness Outcomes From the COACH Pilot Trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Physical activity and hypertension amongst HIV-positive and HIV-negative populations in rural South Africa.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Observational
- Hypertension Incidence and Its Risk Factors in a Longitudinal Cohort of Middle-Aged Men and Women Living in Urban South Africa.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- Intersecting epidemics: immune dysregulation associated with HIV and tuberculosis syndemic contribute to increased risk of hypertensive disease in Sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Incidence and predictors of non-communicable diseases among people with HIV at a specialised hospital in Hawassa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Hypertension and immune activation in antiretroviral therapy naïve people living with human immunodeficiency virus.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Hypertension Among Cohort of Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Initiated on a Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Regimen in Ghana.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Screening for Hypertension in adolescents living with HIV: Protocol for a cluster randomized trial to improve guideline adherence.PloS one · 2024Article
- Blood pressure changes during tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in Lilongwe, Malawi: results from the prospective LighTen Cohort Study.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2023Article
- Physical activity and survival in chronic comorbidity among adult HIV patients in Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Incidence and predictors of hypertension among diabetic patients attending a diabetic follow-up clinic in Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Article
- Significant Improvement in Blood Pressure Levels Among Older Adults With Hypertension in Rural South Africa.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2023Article
- Hypertension and traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among treatment naïve HIV- infected adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Urban Tanzania.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionScarce data are available on the epidemiology of hypertension among HIV patients in rural sub-Saharan Africa. We explored the prevalence, incidence and risk factors for incident hypertension among patients who were enrolled in a rural HIV cohort in Tanzania.
methodsProspective longitudinal study including HIV patients enrolled in the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort between 2013 and 2015. Non-ART naïve subjects at baseline and pregnant women during follow-up were excluded from the analysis. Incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg on two consecutive visits. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of baseline characteristics and incident hypertension.
resultsAmong 955 ART-naïve, eligible subjects, 111 (11.6%) were hypertensive at recruitment. Ten women were excluded due to pregnancy. The remaining 834 individuals contributed 7967 person-months to follow-up (median 231 days, IQR 119-421) and 80 (9.6%) of them developed hypertension during a median follow-up of 144 days from time of enrolment into the cohort [incidence rate 120.0 cases/1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval (CI) 97.2-150.0]. ART was started in 630 (75.5%) patients, with a median follow-up on ART of 7 months (IQR 4-14). Cox regression models identified age [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.34 per 10 years increase, 95% CI 1.07-1.68, p = 0.010], body mass index (aHR per 5 kg/m2 1.45, 95% CI 1.07-1.99, p = 0.018) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (aHR < 60 versus ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 3.79, 95% CI 1.60-8.99, p = 0.003) as independent risk factors for hypertension development.
conclusionsThe prevalence and incidence of hypertension were high in our cohort. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors predicted incident hypertension, but no association was observed with immunological or ART status. These data support the implementation of routine hypertension screening and integrated management into HIV programmes in rural sub-Saharan Africa.
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