Trial reportScientific reports2017
The effect of diurnal distribution of carbohydrates and fat on glycaemic control in humans: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02487576 (Interplay of Peripheral Circadian Clocks With Energy Balance and Body Weight Regulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Interplay of Peripheral Circadian Clocks With Energy Balance and Body Weight Regulation
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Later eating timing in relation to an individual internal clock is associated with lower insulin sensitivity and affected by genetic factors.EBioMedicine · 2025Trial
- Timing of unsaturated fat intake improves insulin sensitivity via the gut microbiota-bile acid axis: a randomized controlled trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Early time-restricted carbohydrate consumption vs conventional dieting in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.Diabetologia · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Timing of Acute and Consecutive Catechin Ingestion on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Mice and Humans.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Effects of Meal Timing on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism and Blood Metabolites in Healthy Adults.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Circadian distribution of carbohydrate intake during adolescence and association with risk markers of type 2 diabetes in adulthood-the role of chronotype.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Identifying temporal eating patterns: a comparison of latent class analysis and dynamic time warping-based cluster analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Human MASLD is a diurnal disease driven by multisystem insulin resistance and reduced insulin availability at night.Cell metabolism · 2026Observational
- Temporal patterns of total, animal and plant protein intakes of Australian adults: a latent class analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Circadian influences on glycemic control in 24-hr fasts initiated at different mealtimes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The Joint Association of Diet Quality and Sleep Regularity with Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Circadian clock and temporal meal pattern.Medical review (2021) · 2023Review
- The circadian rhythm: an influential soundtrack in the diabetes story.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Circadian hormone secretion of enteroendocrine cells: implication on pregnancy status.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Meal timing across the day modulates daily energy intake in adult patients with type 2 diabetes.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Time-restricted Eating for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases.Endocrine reviews · 2022Article
- Effects of Diet, Lifestyle, Chrononutrition and Alternative Dietary Interventions on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Resistance.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Meal Timing and Macronutrient Composition Modulate Human Metabolism and Reward-Related Drive to Eat.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diurnal carbohydrate and fat distribution modulates glycaemic control in rodents. In humans, the optimal timing of both macronutrients and its effects on glycaemic control after prolonged consumption are not studied in detail. In this cross-over trial, 29 non-obese men were randomized to two four-week diets: (1) carbohydrate-rich meals until 13.30 and fat-rich meals between 16.30 and 22.00 (HC/HF) versus (2) inverse sequence of meals (HF/HC). After each trial period two meal tolerance tests were performed, at 09.00 and 15.40, respectively, according to the previous intervention. On the HF/HC diet, whole-day glucose level was increased by 7.9% (p = 0.026) in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT, n = 11), and GLP-1 by 10.2% (p = 0.041) in normal glucose-tolerant subjects (NGT, n = 18). Diet effects on fasting GLP-1 (p = 0.009) and PYY (p = 0.034) levels were observed in IFG/IGT, but not in NGT. Afternoon decline of glucose tolerance was more pronounced in IFG/IGT and associated with a stronger decrease of postprandial GLP-1 and PYY levels, but not with changes of cortisol rhythm. In conclusion, the HF/HC diet shows an unfavourable effect on glycaemic control in IFG/IGT, but not in NGT subjects. Consequently, large, carbohydrate-rich dinners should be avoided, primarily by subjects with impaired glucose metabolism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.