SynthesisScientific reports2017
PD-1 inhibitors increase the incidence and risk of pneumonitis in cancer patients in a dose-independent manner: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Based Therapy: Current Perspectives and Future Directions.Drug safety · 2023Pooled it
- [Incidence and Risk of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor-associated Pneumonia in Advance Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2020Pooled it
- Dose dependence of treatment-related adverse events for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies: a model-based meta-analysis.Oncoimmunology · 2020Pooled it
- Comparative safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer: systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Pooled it
- Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of bladder carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2017Pooled it
- Distinct autoantibody profiles across checkpoint inhibitor types and toxicities.Oncoimmunology · 2024Trial
- IMpower132: Atezolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy vs chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC in Japanese patients.Cancer science · 2021Trial
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Application of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in the Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Patients With Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical Analysis of Relapse Risk in Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: current advances and the putative role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Antineoplastic agent-associated interstitial lung disease in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers: a pharmacovigilance study using the FDA adverse event reporting system.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer: a cohort study with transcriptomic analysis of inflammatory mechanisms.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Pneumonitis: A Narrative Review.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Navigating restriction from interstitial lung disease (ILD) with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: soaring beyond the current treatment paradigm.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Synergistic antitumor efficacy of CIK cells combined with PD-1 inhibitors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Treatment-related pneumonitis after thoracic radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy combined with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2024Article
- Review
- Risk of interstitial lung disease with the use of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor compared with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2024Review
- Comparison of immune checkpoint inhibitors related to pulmonary adverse events: a retrospective analysis of clinical studies and network meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Therapies that targeted PD-1 have shown remarkable rates of durable clinical responses in patients with various tumor types. However, the extent and knowledge of pulmonary toxicities associated with PD-1 blockade, mainly manifested as pneumonitis, remains obscure. In this study, a total of 6360 subjects from 16 phase II/III clinical trials were pooled for meta-analysis to evaluate the overall incidence and risk of PD-1 inhibitors-related pneumonitis in cancer patients. The incidence of pneumonitis during anti-PD-1 immunotherapy was 2.92% (95%CI: 2.18-3.90%) for all-grade and 1.53% (95%CI: 1.15-2.04%) for high-grade pneumonitis. Compared with routine chemotherapy, PD-1 inhibitors were associated with a significant increased risk of pneumonitis. Moreover, among the types of tumor treated with PD-1 inhibitors, the melanoma patients have the lowest incidence of pneumonitis, while the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients have the highest. Furthermore, no significant differences were detected in the incidences of all- and high-grade pneumonitis between high-dose and low-dose groups of PD-1 inhibitors. In conclusion, PD-1 inhibitors were probably associated with an increased risk of pneumonitis in a dose-independent manner, compared with routine chemotherapeutic agents. The frequency and severity of treatment-mediated pneumonitis was quite different in patients with various tumor types.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.