ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2017
Cafedrine/Theodrenaline (20:1) Is an Established Alternative for the Management of Arterial Hypotension in Germany-a Review Based on a Systematic Literature Search.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacologic Strategies for Intraoperative Hypotension When Ephedrine Is Unavailable: An Evidence-Based Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Pharmacometric Analysis of Cafedrine/Theodrenaline Versus Ephedrine on Maternal Hemodynamics and Neonatal Acidosis During Cesarean Section.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Blood Pressure Optimization During Fetoscopic Repair of Open Spinal Dysraphism: Insights from Advanced Hemodynamic Monitoring.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Current practices in hemodynamic monitoring and management during non-cardiac surgery in Austria.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Feasibility of continuous high-resolution bioreactance monitoring during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Association of intraoperative hypotension and cumulative norepinephrine dose with postoperative acute kidney injury in patients having noncardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort analysis.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- [Intraoperative hypotension in children-Measurement and treatment].Die Anaesthesiologie · 2024Article
- A fixed 20:1 combination of cafedrine/theodrenaline increases cytosolic CaScientific reports · 2023Article
- [Drug interaction between ceftriaxone and theodrenaline/cafedrine : A case example].Die Anaesthesiologie · 2023Article
- Suicidal attempt with eliglustat overdose.JIMD reports · 2023Article
- A 20:1 synergetic mixture of cafedrine/theodrenaline accelerates particle transport velocity in murine tracheal epithelium via IPFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Article
- Treatment of spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension with cafedrine/theodrenaline versus ephedrine during caesarean section: Results from HYPOTENS, a national, multicentre, prospective, noninterventional study.European journal of anaesthesiology · 2021Article
- Vasopressors for the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Spinal Induced Hypotension during Caesarean Section.Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation · 2021Review
- 5-HT3 blockade does not attenuate postspinal blood pressure change in cesarean section: A case-control study.Medicine · 2020Observational
- [Antihypotensive drugs in cesarean sections : Treatment of arterial hypotension with ephedrine, phenylephrine and Akrinor® (cafedrine/theodrenaline) during cesarean sections with spinal anesthesia].Der Anaesthesist · 2019Article
- Crystalloid coloading vs. colloid coloading in elective Caesarean section: postspinal hypotension and vasopressor consumption, a prospective, observational clinical trial.Journal of anesthesia · 2019Observational
- Preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anesthesia for cesarean section: challenges and solutions.Local and regional anesthesia · 2017Review
- AkrinorFrontiers in pharmacology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A 20:1 combination of cafedrine:theodrenaline (Akrinor®) is widely used in Germany for the treatment of hypotensive states during anesthesia and in emergency medicine. Although this drug formulation has been available since 1963, there are few studies relating to its use and many of the data are only available in German. In this article, we summarize the available data and propose mechanisms for the effects of cafedrine/theodrenaline on cardiac muscle cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Cafedrine/theodrenaline leads to a rapid increase in mean arterial pressure that is characterized by increased cardiac preload, stroke volume, and cardiac output. Systemic vascular resistance and heart rate remain mostly unchanged. Factors which impact the effects of cafedrine/theodrenaline are gender, high arterial pressure at baseline, use of β-blockers, and heart failure. Importantly, the drug is frequently used in obstetric anesthesia without detrimental effects on umbilical cord pH or APGAR score.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.