ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2017
Quantifying intracellular rates of glycolytic and oxidative ATP production and consumption using extracellular flux measurements.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 318 papers.
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Who cites it
318 citing papers in PubMed, 548 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
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- Molecular mechanisms underlying FCCP-induced mitophagy in human airway smooth muscle cells.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- Hepatocyte-Specific RORα Deficiency Accelerates Liver Regeneration by Unleashing ME1-Driven Glycolysis.Genes · 2026Article
- Carbon-to-ATP ratios across the kingdoms of life.iScience · 2026Article
- The sleep-wake cycle: molecular mechanisms, disorders, and therapeutic targets in the context of energy metabolism.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Skeletal muscle reprogramming of metabolic, ribosomal and developmental pathways contributes to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass-induced adaptation in women.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Advanced Open-Source Experimental-Design Tools for Microplate-Based Assays with Acoustic Liquid Handling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- LDN-27219 Modulates High-Glucose-Induced Endothelial Bioenergetic Remodeling and MitoSOX Red Fluorescence.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Lifetime adversity exposure, mood symptoms, and immune mitochondrial bioenergetics.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Glycolytic Reprogramming in Endometriosis: Biological Basis and Emerging Targets for Disease-Modifying Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The Energetic Cost of Adrenergic Signaling in Primary Human Fibroblasts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A bioenergetic understanding of "aerobic glycolysis".Communications biology · 2026Review
258 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Partitioning of ATP generation between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation is central to cellular bioenergetics but cumbersome to measure. We describe here how rates of ATP generation by each pathway can be calculated from simultaneous measurements of extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption. We update theoretical maximum ATP yields by mitochondria and cells catabolizing different substrates. Mitochondrial P/O ratios (mol of ATP generated per mol of [O] consumed) are 2.73 for oxidation of pyruvate plus malate and 1.64 for oxidation of succinate. Complete oxidation of glucose by cells yields up to 33.45 ATP/glucose with a maximum P/O of 2.79. We introduce novel indices to quantify bioenergetic phenotypes. The glycolytic index reports the proportion of ATP production from glycolysis and identifies cells as primarily glycolytic (glycolytic index > 50%) or primarily oxidative. The Warburg effect is a chronic increase in glycolytic index, quantified by the Warburg index. Additional indices quantify the acute flexibility of ATP supply. The Crabtree index and Pasteur index quantify the responses of oxidative and glycolytic ATP production to alterations in glycolysis and oxidative reactions, respectively; the supply flexibility index quantifies overall flexibility of ATP supply; and the bioenergetic capacity quantifies the maximum rate of total ATP production. We illustrate the determination of these indices using C2C12 myoblasts. Measurement of ATP use revealed no significant preference for glycolytic or oxidative ATP by specific ATP consumers. Overall, we demonstrate how extracellular fluxes quantitatively reflect intracellular ATP turnover and cellular bioenergetics. We provide a simple spreadsheet to calculate glycolytic and oxidative ATP production rates from raw extracellular acidification and respiration data.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.