ArticleArthritis research & therapy2017
Cigarette smoking and the risk of primary Sjögren's syndrome: a nested case control study.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of smoking status on Sjögren's disease diagnosis and phenotype: results from a cohort study with matched population controls.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of socioeconomic deprivation on risk and disease activity of Sjögren's disease.RMD open · 2026Article
- Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy in the Differential Diagnosis of Sicca Syndrome: A Monocentric Cohort Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Sjögren's Syndrome: Epidemiology, Classification Criteria, Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.MedComm · 2025Review
- Evolving understanding of autoimmune mechanisms and new therapeutic strategies of autoimmune disorders.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Epidemiology of Sjögren syndrome.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- The analysis of the pulmonary domain involvement in Sjögren's disease.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2024Article
- The Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Systemic Sclerosis, Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Review
- Genetics and epigenetics of primary Sjögren syndrome: implications for future therapies.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- Sjögren Syndrome: New Insights in the Pathogenesis and Role of Nuclear Medicine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Associations Between Smoking and Primary Sjögren Syndrome Classification Using the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance Cohort.ACR open rheumatology · 2022Article
- Smoking associated with reduced odds of Sjögren's syndrome among rheumatoid arthritis patients.Scandinavian journal of rheumatology · 2022Observational
- Sex differences in comorbidities associated with Sjögren's disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Associations of cigarette smoking with disease phenotype and type I interferon expression in primary Sjögren's syndrome.Rheumatology international · 2019Article
- Association of Smoking and Obesity on the Risk of Developing Primary Sjögren Syndrome: A Population-based Cohort Study.The Journal of rheumatology · 2019Article
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: Two Sides of the Same Coin.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2019Article
- Association between Periodontal Disease and Subsequent Sjögren's Syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Smoking, disease characteristics and serum cytokine levels in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.Rheumatology international · 2018Article
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5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking is reported to affect the risk of a number of chronic disorders, including rheumatic diseases. Previous cross-sectional studies have shown a lower frequency of smoking in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of smoking and socioeconomic status on the risk of subsequent diagnosis of pSS in a nested case-control study.
methodParticipants in two large population-based health surveys who were later diagnosed with pSS were identified through linkage with the Malmö Sjögren's Syndrome Register. Matched controls were obtained from the health surveys.
resultsSixty-three patients with pSS with pre-diagnostic data from the health surveys were identified. Current smoking was associated with a significantly lower risk of later being diagnosed with pSS (odds ratio (OR) 0.3; 95% CI 0.1-0.6). Furthermore, former smoking was associated with an increased risk of subsequent pSS diagnosis (OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.8-8.8) compared to never smoking. Similar results were found in a sub-analysis of patients with reported symptom onset after inclusion in the health surveys. Socioeconomic status and levels of formal education had no significant impact on the risk of later being diagnosed with pSS.
conclusionIn this nested case-control study, current smoking was associated with a reduced risk of subsequent diagnosis of pSS. In addition, former smoking was associated with an increased risk. Whether this reflects a biological effect of cigarette smoking or other mechanisms should be further investigated in future studies.
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