ArticleChemical research in toxicology2017
Variation in Free Radical Yields from U.S. Marketed Cigarettes.
Article in Chemical research in toxicology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of Co-exposure of tobacco smoke with Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene diol epoxide on molecular targets and immune cells in the mouse oral cavity.Chemico-biological interactions · 2025Article
- Blood indices of inflammation and their association with hypertension in smokers: analysis using data mining approaches.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Article
- Integrated approach to reducing polypharmacy in older people: exploring the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant potential therapy.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2024Review
- Free Radicals in Little Cigar Mainstream Smoke and the Potential Influence of Flavoring Chemicals on Free Radical Production.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Quantification of Free Radicals from Vaping Electronic Cigarettes Containing Nicotine Salt Solutions with Different Organic Acid Types and Concentrations.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Testicular tissue response following a 90-day subchronic exposure to HTP aerosols and cigarette smoke in rats.Toxicology research · 2023Article
- Cigarette Smoke-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Formation: A Concise Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Influence of Tobacco Variety and Curing on Free Radical Production in Cigarette Smoke.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Natural American Spirit launches 'Sky', the brand's first commercial organic cigarette with a charcoal filter.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Tobacco Nitrate and Free Radical Levels in the Mainstream Smoke of US Cigarette Brands.Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Modeling the effects of cigarette smoke extract on influenza B virus infections in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Effects of tobacco nitrate content on free radical levels in mainstream smoke.Free radical biology & medicine · 2022Article
- Effects of Fermented Green Tea Waste Extract Gels on Oxidative Damage in Short-Term Passive Smoking Mice.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Tocotrienols: Dietary Supplements for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Free Radical Production and Characterization of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarettes in Comparison to Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
- Free Radical and Nicotine Yields in Mainstream Smoke of Chinese Marketed Cigarettes: Variation with Smoking Regimens and Cigarette Brands.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
- Correlation between biomarkers of exposure, effect and potential harm in the urine of electronic cigarette users.BMJ open respiratory research · 2020Article
- Comparison of Free Radical Levels in the Aerosol from Conventional Cigarettes, Electronic Cigarettes, and Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products.Chemical research in toxicology · 2019Article
- Emissions of Free Radicals, Carbonyls, and Nicotine from the NIDA Standardized Research Electronic Cigarette and Comparison to Similar Commercial Devices.Chemical research in toxicology · 2019Article
- Effect of Charcoal in Cigarette Filters on Free Radicals in Mainstream Smoke.Chemical research in toxicology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Free radicals in tobacco smoke are thought to be an important cause of smoking-induced diseases, yet the variation in free radical exposure to smokers from different brands of commercially available cigarettes is unknown. We measured the levels of highly reactive gas-phase and stable particulate-phase radicals in mainstream cigarette smoke by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with and without the spin-trapping agent phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), respectively, in 27 popular US cigarettes and the 3R4F research cigarette, machine-smoked according to the FTC protocol. We find a 12-fold variation in the levels of gas-phase radicals (1.2 to 14 nmol per cigarette) and a 2-fold variation in the amounts of particulate-phase radicals (44 to 96 pmol per cigarette) across the range of cigarette brands. Gas and particulate-phase radicals were highly correlated across brands (ρ = 0.62, p < 0.001). Both radicals were correlated with TPM (gas-phase: ρ = 0.38, p = 0.04; particulate-phase: ρ = 0.44, p = 0.02) and ventilation (gas- and tar-phase: ρ = -0.58, p = 0.001), with ventilation explaining nearly 30% of the variation in radical levels across brands. Overall, our findings of significant brand variation in free radical delivery under standardized machine-smoked conditions suggest that the use of certain brands of cigarettes may be associated with greater levels of oxidative stress in smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.