ArticlePloS one2017
The interdependencies of viral load, the innate immune response, and clinical outcome in children presenting to the emergency department with respiratory syncytial virus-associated bronchiolitis.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Epidemiology of Healthcare-Acquired Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Hospitalised Paediatric Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Unique nasal cell states induced by common pediatric respiratory viruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Single cell sequencing analysis of respiratory syncytial virus-infected pediatric and adult human nose organoids reveals age differences, proliferative diversity and identifies novel cellular tropism.The Journal of infection · 2025Article
- Article
- Reduced antiviral gene expression and elevated CXCL8 expression in peripheral blood are associated with severe hypoxemia in RSV-infected children.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Inter and intra-host diversity of RSV in hematopoietic stem cell transplant adults with normal and delayed viral clearance.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Controlled Human Infection Challenge Studies with RSV.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2024Review
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Load Kinetics and Clinical Course of Acute Bronchiolitis in Hospitalized Infants: Interim Results and Review of the Literature.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Type III Interferons, Viral Loads, Age, and Disease Severity in Young Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Integrated relationship of nasopharyngeal airway host response and microbiome associates with bronchiolitis severity.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Immunopathology of RSV: An Updated Review.Viruses · 2021Review
- Substituted N-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide analogues potently inhibit respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication and RSV infection-associated inflammatory responses.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Detection of respiratory syncytial virus defective genomes in nasal secretions is associated with distinct clinical outcomes.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- Airway gene-expression classifiers for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease severity in infants.BMC medical genomics · 2021Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion and Viral Clearance in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: Viral Load Predicts Antibody Response.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Age-dependent Interactions Among Clinical Characteristics, Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Young Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Article
- Investigating the Interaction between Negative Strand RNA Viruses and Their Hosts for Enhanced Vaccine Development and Production.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant infant morbidity and mortality. For decades severe RSV-induced disease was thought to result from an uncontrolled host response to viral replication, but recent work suggests that a strong innate immune response early in infection is protective. To shed light on host-virus interactions and the viral determinants of disease, copy numbers of five RSV genes (NS1, NS2, N, G, F) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in nasal wash samples from children with RSV-associated bronchiolitis. Correlations were sought with host cytokines/chemokines and biomarkers. Associations with disposition from the emergency department (hospitalized or sent home) and pulse oximetry O2 saturation levels were also sought. Additionally, RNase P copy number was measured and used to normalize nasal wash data. RSV gene copy numbers were found to significantly correlate with both cytokine/chemokine and biomarker levels; and RNase P-normalized viral gene copy numbers (NS1, NS2, N and G) were significantly higher in infants with less severe disease. Moreover, three of the normalized viral gene copy numbers (NS1, NS2, and N) correlated significantly with arterial O2 saturation levels. The data support a model where a higher viral load early in infection can promote a robust innate immune response that protects against progression into hypoxic RSV-induced lower respiratory tract illness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.