ArticleScientific reports2017
Whole genome sequences of three Clade 3 Clostridium difficile strains carrying binary toxin genes in China.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- From colonization to infection: Genomic evolution of Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis.Cell reports · 2026Review
- Acquisition of a gene cluster inmSphere · 2026Article
- Abundant geographical divergence of Clostridioides difficile infection in China: a prospective multicenter cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Virulence and genomic diversity among clinical isolates of ST1 (BI/NAP1/027) Clostridioides difficile.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Update on Commonly Used Molecular Typing Methods forMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Virulence and genomic diversity among clinical isolates of ST1 (BI/NAP1/027)bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Clostridioides difficile toxins: mechanisms of action and antitoxin therapeutics.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Genomic characterization of nine Clostridioides difficile strains isolated from Korean patients with Clostridioides difficile infection.Gut pathogens · 2021Article
- Characterization of Clostridioides difficile DSM 101085 with A-B-CDT+ Phenotype from a Late Recurrent Colonization.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Characteristics of Clostridium difficile isolates and the burden of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary teaching hospital in Chongqing, Southwest China.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- The recent emergence of a highly related virulent Clostridium difficile clade with unique characteristics.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2020Observational
- Genetic diversity and epidemiology of accessory gene regulator loci inAccess microbiology · 2020Article
- Clostridium difficile clade 3 (RT023) have a modified cell surface and contain a large transposable island with novel cargo.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Enterotoxic Clostridia:Microbiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized adults and the first isolation of C. difficile PCR ribotype 027 in central China.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Characterization of the virulence of a non-RT027, non-RT078 and binary toxin-positive Clostridium difficile strain associated with severe diarrhea.Emerging microbes & infections · 2018Article
- Complete Genome Sequences of Four ToxigenicGenome announcements · 2018Article
- Genome characterization of a novel binary toxin-positive strain ofGut pathogens · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium difficile consists of six clades but studies on Clade 3 are limited. Here, we report genome sequences of three Clade 3 C. difficile strains carrying genes encoding toxin A and B and the binary toxin. Isolates 103 and 133 (both of ST5) and isolate 106 (ST285) were recovered from three ICU patients. Whole genome sequencing using HiSeq 2500 revealed 4.1-Mb genomes with 28-29% GC content. There were ≥1,104 SNP between the isolates, suggesting they were not of a single clone. The toxin A and B gene-carrying pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) of the three isolates were identical and had the insertion of the transposon Tn6218. The genetic components of PaLoc among Clade 3 strains were the same with only a few nucleotide mutations and deletions/insertions, suggesting that the Tn6218 insertion might have occurred before the divergence within Clade 3. The binary toxin-genes carrying CDT locus (CdtLoc) of the three isolates were identical and were highly similar to those of other Clade 3 strains, but were more divergent from those of other clades. In conclusion, Clade 3 has an unusual clade-specific PaLoc characteristic of a Tn6218 insertion which appears to be the main feature to distinguish Clade 3 from other C. difficile.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.