ArticleArchives of medical science : AMS2017
Gastrointestinal disorders next to respiratory infections as leading symptoms of X-linked agammaglobulinemia in children - 34-year experience of a single center.
Article in Archives of medical science : AMS, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Crohn's-like Enteritis in X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: A Case Series and Systematic Review.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2021Pooled it
- Recent Insights on Dental Caries Microbiota in Pediatric Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- EBV-Driven HLH and T Cell Lymphoma in a Child with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: A Genetically Confirmed Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Case report of renal manifestations in X-linked agammaglobulinemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Retrospective study of 98 patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia complicated with arthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Article
- Nodular regenerative hyperplasia in X-linked agammaglobulinemia: An underestimated and severe complication.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases with Therapeutic Antibodies: Lessons Learned from PID Patients Allow for Stratification of the Infection Risk.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Streptococcal pneumonia meningitis as an initial presentation of X-linked agammaglobulinemia: A case report and discussion.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2021Article
- Atypical Presentation of Severe Fungal Necrotizing Fasciitis in a Patient with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia.Journal of clinical immunology · 2021Article
- Current Spectrum of Infections in Patients with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia.Journal of clinical immunology · 2021Article
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia: ınvestigation of clinical and laboratory findings, novel gene mutations and prevention of ınfective complications in long-term follow-up.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- Risk factors, types and outcomes of arterial ischemic stroke in Polish pediatric patients: a retrospective single-center study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2021Article
- Gastrointestinal Manifestations and Complications of Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · 2019Review
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA):Phenotype, diagnosis, and therapeutic challenges around the world.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRespiratory tract infections constitute the most frequent manifestation of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). There are not many papers elucidating gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in such patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders and IBD compared to respiratory tract infections in XLA individuals. MATERIAL AND
methodsOf 1563 patients with primary immunodeficiencies diagnosed in the Department of Immunology, the Children's Memorial Health Institute (CMHI), 66 boys had a provisional diagnosis of agammaglobulinemia. Forty-four subjects fulfilled definitive ESID (European Society for Immunodeficiencies) diagnostic criteria of XLA. A retrospective analysis of medical history of XLA patients was undertaken.
resultsRecurrent respiratory tract infections, particularly bronchitis (73%) and pneumonia (59%), were the most common symptoms of XLA. The GI disorders constituted the next main manifestation (63.6%), followed by upper respiratory tract infections. Twenty-six of 28 XLA patients with GI disorders complained of diarrhea, which was resolved generally after immunoglobulin therapy introduction. Single but prolonged episodes of
conclusionsGastrointestinal disorders were one of the main manifestations of XLA, reported almost as often as lower respiratory tract infections. The most common GI symptom was diarrhea, which usually resolved after immunoglobulin therapy was started. Infections caused by
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.