ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2017
Expressed emotion and the course of schizophrenia in Pakistan.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expressed Emotions in Patients with Mild to Moderate Ulcerative Colitis: A Descriptive Study.Annals of neurosciences · 2025Article
- Development and validation of assessment of psycho-education of carers questionnaire: An early experience.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
- Expressed Emotion Research in India: A Narrative Review.Indian journal of psychological medicineReview
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAim of the study is to evaluate the predictive power of Expressed Emotion in Schizophrenia relapse in Pakistan.
methodA longitudinal study was conducted comprising 53 in-patients' sample diagnosed with Schizophrenia and their 101 key carers. Participants fulfilled DSM-IV-TR criteria for Schizophrenia based on Structural Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV diagnosis. Symptomatic status was measured through Brief Psychiatric Rating Scales-Expanded (BPRS-E). Caregivers' level of EE was assessed through Camberwell Family Interview (CFI). Patients were followed up for 9 months after hospital discharge.
resultsRelapse rate for patients with high-EE household was 72% as compared with 36% in the low-EE household. Logistic Regression showed a positive relationship between high-EE and relapse (CI 0.06-0.80; p < 0.05). Both hostility and critical comments emerged as significant predictors of relapse. The odds ratio showed that a one unit increase in caregivers' score on the CCs and hostility scales were associated with a 1.29 (CI 1.06-1.56; p < 0.05) and 1.89 (CI 1.14-3.13; p < 0.05) times increased rate of relapse, respectively. Conversely, a non-significant relationship was observed between EOI and relapse.
conclusionsThe findings from this study confirmed the validity of EE construct in predicting schizophrenia relapse in a Pakistani sample. However, medication compliance has not been experimentally controlled and that is one of the limitations of the study.
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